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Microbial quality and risk assessmen...

Ryu, Hodon.

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Microbial quality and risk assessment in various water cycles in the southwestern United States.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Microbial quality and risk assessment in various water cycles in the southwestern United States./
Author:	Ryu, Hodon.
Description:	137 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 64-03, Section: B, page: 1428.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International64-03B.
Subject:	Engineering, Environmental. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3084674

Microbial quality and risk assessment in various water cycles in the southwestern United States.
Ryu, Hodon.

Microbial quality and risk assessment in various water cycles in the southwestern United States. - 137 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 64-03, Section: B, page: 1428.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Arizona State University, 2003.

Waterways have traditionally been a hub for the development of human civilizations. The enteric microorganisms, which are transmitted through water, have always been a public health threat to flourishing societies. The main motivation of this research was a limited microbial surveillance in the southwest region of the United States to identify, evaluate, and characterize the public health risk associated with pathogens present in water. Therefore, the research focused on the evaluation of microbial quality of surface and reclaimed waters in various water cycles. Surface water samples from two metropolitan areas, Phoenix, Arizona, and El Paso, Texas, and reclaimed water samples from seven metropolitan areas in the states of California, Arizona, Texas, and Nevada, were assayed for <italic>Cryptosporidium</italic> oocysts, <italic>Giardia </italic> cysts, and indicator microorganisms including male specific bacteriophages, somatic bacteriophages, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria. No <italic>Cryptosporidium</italic> oocysts were detected in any of the samples from lower Rio Grande basin and the Phoenix metropolitan area, whereas <italic>Giardia</italic> cysts were detected in 9.4% (3/34) of the samples from the latter area. Phoenix surface water seems to be less contaminated by fecal pollutants than Rio Grande water, suggesting that its watershed is better protected than that of the Rio Grande River. <italic> Cryptosporidium</italic> oocysts and <italic>Giardia</italic> cysts were detected in 24% (12/50) and 46% (23/50) of reclaimed water samples, respectively. Three reclaimed water exposure scenarios, including golf courses, playgrounds, and recreational impoundments, were used to perform a microbial risk assessment. The risks of infection for <italic>Giardia</italic> cysts of using non-potable reclaimed water exceeded the annual acceptable risk of 10<super>−4</super> (1:10,000) for all scenarios. The risks for <italic>Cryptosporidium </italic> exceeded 10<super>−4</super> for recreational impoundments. Chlorination practices used in the reclaimed water utilities were not sufficient to even inactivate coliphages and coliforms in water, suggesting a need for better treatment processes in the plants. The microbial data provided from this study can help water treatment utilities to improve the quality of finished water.Subjects--Topical Terms:

783782
Engineering, Environmental.

Microbial quality and risk assessment in various water cycles in the southwestern United States.
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300 $a 137 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 64-03, Section: B, page: 1428.
500 $a Chair: Morteza Abbaszadegan.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Arizona State University, 2003.
520 $a Waterways have traditionally been a hub for the development of human civilizations. The enteric microorganisms, which are transmitted through water, have always been a public health threat to flourishing societies. The main motivation of this research was a limited microbial surveillance in the southwest region of the United States to identify, evaluate, and characterize the public health risk associated with pathogens present in water. Therefore, the research focused on the evaluation of microbial quality of surface and reclaimed waters in various water cycles. Surface water samples from two metropolitan areas, Phoenix, Arizona, and El Paso, Texas, and reclaimed water samples from seven metropolitan areas in the states of California, Arizona, Texas, and Nevada, were assayed for <italic>Cryptosporidium</italic> oocysts, <italic>Giardia </italic> cysts, and indicator microorganisms including male specific bacteriophages, somatic bacteriophages, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria. No <italic>Cryptosporidium</italic> oocysts were detected in any of the samples from lower Rio Grande basin and the Phoenix metropolitan area, whereas <italic>Giardia</italic> cysts were detected in 9.4% (3/34) of the samples from the latter area. Phoenix surface water seems to be less contaminated by fecal pollutants than Rio Grande water, suggesting that its watershed is better protected than that of the Rio Grande River. <italic> Cryptosporidium</italic> oocysts and <italic>Giardia</italic> cysts were detected in 24% (12/50) and 46% (23/50) of reclaimed water samples, respectively. Three reclaimed water exposure scenarios, including golf courses, playgrounds, and recreational impoundments, were used to perform a microbial risk assessment. The risks of infection for <italic>Giardia</italic> cysts of using non-potable reclaimed water exceeded the annual acceptable risk of 10<super>−4</super> (1:10,000) for all scenarios. The risks for <italic>Cryptosporidium </italic> exceeded 10<super>−4</super> for recreational impoundments. Chlorination practices used in the reclaimed water utilities were not sufficient to even inactivate coliphages and coliforms in water, suggesting a need for better treatment processes in the plants. The microbial data provided from this study can help water treatment utilities to improve the quality of finished water.
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