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Medicine and the social body in Fran...

Quinlan, Sean Michael.

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Medicine and the social body in France: From the individual self to social therapy in learned medical practice, 1750--1850.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Medicine and the social body in France: From the individual self to social therapy in learned medical practice, 1750--1850./
Author:	Quinlan, Sean Michael.
Description:	406 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 61-11, Section: A, page: 4503.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International61-11A.
Subject:	History, Modern. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9993592
ISBN:	049300890X

Medicine and the social body in France: From the individual self to social therapy in learned medical practice, 1750--1850.
Quinlan, Sean Michael.

Medicine and the social body in France: From the individual self to social therapy in learned medical practice, 1750--1850. - 406 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 61-11, Section: A, page: 4503.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, 2000.

This dissertation examines the relation between medical knowledge, social thought, and ideas of selfhood in eighteenth and early nineteenth-century France. The study connects the internalization of elite medical practices to the creation of distinct class, gendered, and national identities. Based extensively upon archival and manuscript sources, the study shows how doctors came to believe what was called anthropological medicine or the “science of man” was the primary tool for molding individual and collective behavior, so to assure social assimilation and to forge an indivisible French national consciousness. In this manner, doctors and other scientific thinkers sought to comprehend not just the individual self through bioanthropological knowledge, but the whole of society broadly construed. Foremost, these practitioners viewed selfhood, with all its complex connotations involving individuality, expressiveness, sensibility, and agency, as something embodied; for them, personality reflected an underlying biological reality. Although contemporaries initially used biological definitions of selfhood to distinguish differences of class and gender, they increasingly believed the <italic>applied</italic> aspects of the science of man could be used to assimilate and “regenerate” those social groups marginalized under <italic>ancien régime</italic> society—notably women, workers, Caribbean slaves, Jews, and the impoverished—precisely because the human body seemed such a privileged locus of self-fashioning. This thinking reached its height in the medical transformations under the French Revolution, when doctors and policy makers drew upon anthropological medicine to forge a regenerated national community. During the Thermidorian and Directorial regimes (1794–1799), moreover, medical doctrines of limited sensibility contributed to new ideologies of moderate republicanism. Yet the study demonstrates that the holistic vision of an applied science of man did not survive the revolutionary epoch. Under the Restoration and July monarchies, socioeconomic and epidemiological changes fragmented medical ideas of individual and national identity. After the cholera outbreak in 1832, doctors successively embraced theories of hereditary degeneration, revealing a new emphasis on biological determinism in medical thought. In this manner, physicians posited that selfhood was not only materially constituted; personality remained, foremost, a congenital entity. Viewed from a century of sociopolitical transformation, then, medical thought about the self and society remained ambivalent in theory and practice, simultaneously engaged in a process of exclusion and removal, incorporation and assimilation.

ISBN: 049300890XSubjects--Topical Terms:

516334
History, Modern.

Medicine and the social body in France: From the individual self to social therapy in learned medical practice, 1750--1850.
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245 1 0 $a Medicine and the social body in France: From the individual self to social therapy in learned medical practice, 1750--1850.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 61-11, Section: A, page: 4503.
500 $a Chair: William B. Cohen.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, 2000.
520 $a This dissertation examines the relation between medical knowledge, social thought, and ideas of selfhood in eighteenth and early nineteenth-century France. The study connects the internalization of elite medical practices to the creation of distinct class, gendered, and national identities. Based extensively upon archival and manuscript sources, the study shows how doctors came to believe what was called anthropological medicine or the “science of man” was the primary tool for molding individual and collective behavior, so to assure social assimilation and to forge an indivisible French national consciousness. In this manner, doctors and other scientific thinkers sought to comprehend not just the individual self through bioanthropological knowledge, but the whole of society broadly construed. Foremost, these practitioners viewed selfhood, with all its complex connotations involving individuality, expressiveness, sensibility, and agency, as something embodied; for them, personality reflected an underlying biological reality. Although contemporaries initially used biological definitions of selfhood to distinguish differences of class and gender, they increasingly believed the <italic>applied</italic> aspects of the science of man could be used to assimilate and “regenerate” those social groups marginalized under <italic>ancien régime</italic> society—notably women, workers, Caribbean slaves, Jews, and the impoverished—precisely because the human body seemed such a privileged locus of self-fashioning. This thinking reached its height in the medical transformations under the French Revolution, when doctors and policy makers drew upon anthropological medicine to forge a regenerated national community. During the Thermidorian and Directorial regimes (1794–1799), moreover, medical doctrines of limited sensibility contributed to new ideologies of moderate republicanism. Yet the study demonstrates that the holistic vision of an applied science of man did not survive the revolutionary epoch. Under the Restoration and July monarchies, socioeconomic and epidemiological changes fragmented medical ideas of individual and national identity. After the cholera outbreak in 1832, doctors successively embraced theories of hereditary degeneration, revealing a new emphasis on biological determinism in medical thought. In this manner, physicians posited that selfhood was not only materially constituted; personality remained, foremost, a congenital entity. Viewed from a century of sociopolitical transformation, then, medical thought about the self and society remained ambivalent in theory and practice, simultaneously engaged in a process of exclusion and removal, incorporation and assimilation.
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