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Artificial culture: Experiments in s...

Gessler, Nicholas.

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Artificial culture: Experiments in synthetic anthropology.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Artificial culture: Experiments in synthetic anthropology./
Author:	Gessler, Nicholas.
Description:	268 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 64-02, Section: A, page: 0553.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International64-02A.
Subject:	Anthropology, Cultural. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3081164

Artificial culture: Experiments in synthetic anthropology.
Gessler, Nicholas.

Artificial culture: Experiments in synthetic anthropology. - 268 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 64-02, Section: A, page: 0553.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2003.

Empirically, culture is the product of individuals, artifacts, and their interactions at varying levels of complexity. Variation is omnipresent and requires explanation. Cultures are different. Its members are different. Its members' heads are filled with different thoughts. Moreover, cognition is distributed among people and technology. Culture emerges from these objects (thoughts, people, artifacts) through multiagent webs of mutual causation. Cultural processes are parallel and simultaneous. These complexities remain largely intractable to discursive and mathematical representations. The “new sciences of complexity” offer promising alternatives. The practices of evolutionary computation, distributed artificial intelligence, artificial life, and artificial societies provide frameworks for multiagent spatial simulations and make complex cultural descriptions possible. This is an exploration for theory building in anthropology, a project I call “artificial culture” (AC). I first detail a computational and evolutionary epistemology for AC, show acceptance for AC among computer scientists, show feasibility by developing and teaching five innovative courses in simulation, and demonstrate two AC application platforms. I present an introduction, eight published articles with commentaries, descriptions of two multiagent spatial simulations, observations on teaching, and a conclusion. The first simulation critiques the concept of carrying capacity, showing that it depends not just on the total resources of an area, but equally on the population size, search strategy, daily resource uptake and distribution pattern. The second examines the consequences of marriage rules based on collateral and patrilineal kinship systems with marriage in and out, combined with three additional marriage restrictions based on age. Both are bottom up in the sense that global patterns of behavior emerge from simpler local rules. The first does not require human-level thought. The second does, although it is minimal. Each is explained with illustrations and source code. Each may be readily enriched. AC provides a practical tool for understanding the entailments of similarity and difference, individual/group (local/global) interaction, and ideational/material agency. Further applications of AC could advance anthropology as an experimental science.Subjects--Topical Terms:

735016
Anthropology, Cultural.

Artificial culture: Experiments in synthetic anthropology.
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245 1 0 $a Artificial culture: Experiments in synthetic anthropology.
300 $a 268 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 64-02, Section: A, page: 0553.
500 $a Chair: Dwight Read.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 2003.
520 $a Empirically, culture is the product of individuals, artifacts, and their interactions at varying levels of complexity. Variation is omnipresent and requires explanation. Cultures are different. Its members are different. Its members' heads are filled with different thoughts. Moreover, cognition is distributed among people and technology. Culture emerges from these objects (thoughts, people, artifacts) through multiagent webs of mutual causation. Cultural processes are parallel and simultaneous. These complexities remain largely intractable to discursive and mathematical representations. The “new sciences of complexity” offer promising alternatives. The practices of evolutionary computation, distributed artificial intelligence, artificial life, and artificial societies provide frameworks for multiagent spatial simulations and make complex cultural descriptions possible. This is an exploration for theory building in anthropology, a project I call “artificial culture” (AC). I first detail a computational and evolutionary epistemology for AC, show acceptance for AC among computer scientists, show feasibility by developing and teaching five innovative courses in simulation, and demonstrate two AC application platforms. I present an introduction, eight published articles with commentaries, descriptions of two multiagent spatial simulations, observations on teaching, and a conclusion. The first simulation critiques the concept of carrying capacity, showing that it depends not just on the total resources of an area, but equally on the population size, search strategy, daily resource uptake and distribution pattern. The second examines the consequences of marriage rules based on collateral and patrilineal kinship systems with marriage in and out, combined with three additional marriage restrictions based on age. Both are bottom up in the sense that global patterns of behavior emerge from simpler local rules. The first does not require human-level thought. The second does, although it is minimal. Each is explained with illustrations and source code. Each may be readily enriched. AC provides a practical tool for understanding the entailments of similarity and difference, individual/group (local/global) interaction, and ideational/material agency. Further applications of AC could advance anthropology as an experimental science.
590 $a School code: 0031.
650 4 $a Anthropology, Cultural. $3 735016
650 4 $a Anthropology, Physical. $3 877524
650 4 $a Anthropology, Archaeology. $3 622985
650 4 $a Artificial Intelligence. $3 769149
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710 2 0 $a University of California, Los Angeles. $3 626622
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 64-02A.
790 1 0 $a Read, Dwight, $e advisor
790 $a 0031
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2003
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3081164