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Technologies for assessment of perso...

Singh, Manisha.

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Technologies for assessment of personal (population) exposure to toxic components of airborne particulate matter.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Technologies for assessment of personal (population) exposure to toxic components of airborne particulate matter./
Author:	Singh, Manisha.
Description:	214 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-09, Section: B, page: 4762.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International65-09B.
Subject:	Engineering, Environmental. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3145287
ISBN:	0496048856

Technologies for assessment of personal (population) exposure to toxic components of airborne particulate matter.
Singh, Manisha.

Technologies for assessment of personal (population) exposure to toxic components of airborne particulate matter. - 214 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-09, Section: B, page: 4762.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Southern California, 2004.

There is increasing awareness that the airborne particulate matter (PM) concentrations measured by ambient fixed-point monitors may not accurately reflect the true exposure levels of a population. This thesis is intended to alleviate the paucity of information on individual (population) exposures to different size fractions including the ultrafine fraction of PM. A personal sampler for PM that, for the first time, allows for the separation of airborne particles by size, and simultaneous analyses of the particles for toxic content has been developed. The Personal Cascade Impactor Sampler (PCIS) developed in this research is a miniaturized cascade impactor, consisting of four impaction stages, followed by an after-filter. Particles are separated in the following aerodynamic particle diameter ranges: <0.25, 0.25--0.5, 0.5--1.0, 1.0--2.5 and 2.5--10 mum. The PCIS operates at a flow rate of 9 LPM using a very high efficiency, battery-operated light pump at a pressure drop of only 11 in H2O (2.7 kPa). PCIS was first characterized in the laboratory using PTFE (Teflon), quartz and aluminum substrates. Laboratory tests corroborated the cutpoints. Particle loading tests indicated that the PCIS stages could collect up to 3.16 and 0.7 mg of fine and coarse PM, respectively, without any loss in the collection efficiency. Two field studies were conducted to evaluate PCIS's performance for sampling real-life particulates. Coarse PM mass, time-integrated (size fractionated) PM 2.5 mass, inorganic ions (nitrate and sulfate), elemental carbon and organic carbon as well as near-continuous total carbon and nitrate concentration measurements by PCIS were evaluated by comparisons to collocated samplers in the first field evaluation. The sampling efficiency of PCIS was also evaluated in wind tunnel tests, which confirmed that sampling and collection of super-micrometer particles by the PCIS is unaffected at wind speeds as high as 8 km/h. The second field study evaluated PCIS measurements of PM mass and PM trace metals by ICP-MS. A total of 10 PM-bound trace metals e.g. Ti, V, Mn, Cu, Sr, Cd, Sb, Ba, Ce and Pb were quantified by ICP-MS technique. Probable sources of these metals have been identified based on the mass size distributions. The final chapter of this research is dedicated to investigation of a toxic component of the PM---particle bound metals in one of the unique air basins of the world---The Los Angeles Basin. A better understanding of these toxic components of PM with respect to spatial, diurnal and seasonal variability will provide background information upon which we could base long-term campaigns for population exposure assessments.

ISBN: 0496048856Subjects--Topical Terms:

783782
Engineering, Environmental.

Technologies for assessment of personal (population) exposure to toxic components of airborne particulate matter.
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520 $a There is increasing awareness that the airborne particulate matter (PM) concentrations measured by ambient fixed-point monitors may not accurately reflect the true exposure levels of a population. This thesis is intended to alleviate the paucity of information on individual (population) exposures to different size fractions including the ultrafine fraction of PM. A personal sampler for PM that, for the first time, allows for the separation of airborne particles by size, and simultaneous analyses of the particles for toxic content has been developed. The Personal Cascade Impactor Sampler (PCIS) developed in this research is a miniaturized cascade impactor, consisting of four impaction stages, followed by an after-filter. Particles are separated in the following aerodynamic particle diameter ranges: <0.25, 0.25--0.5, 0.5--1.0, 1.0--2.5 and 2.5--10 mum. The PCIS operates at a flow rate of 9 LPM using a very high efficiency, battery-operated light pump at a pressure drop of only 11 in H2O (2.7 kPa). PCIS was first characterized in the laboratory using PTFE (Teflon), quartz and aluminum substrates. Laboratory tests corroborated the cutpoints. Particle loading tests indicated that the PCIS stages could collect up to 3.16 and 0.7 mg of fine and coarse PM, respectively, without any loss in the collection efficiency. Two field studies were conducted to evaluate PCIS's performance for sampling real-life particulates. Coarse PM mass, time-integrated (size fractionated) PM 2.5 mass, inorganic ions (nitrate and sulfate), elemental carbon and organic carbon as well as near-continuous total carbon and nitrate concentration measurements by PCIS were evaluated by comparisons to collocated samplers in the first field evaluation. The sampling efficiency of PCIS was also evaluated in wind tunnel tests, which confirmed that sampling and collection of super-micrometer particles by the PCIS is unaffected at wind speeds as high as 8 km/h. The second field study evaluated PCIS measurements of PM mass and PM trace metals by ICP-MS. A total of 10 PM-bound trace metals e.g. Ti, V, Mn, Cu, Sr, Cd, Sb, Ba, Ce and Pb were quantified by ICP-MS technique. Probable sources of these metals have been identified based on the mass size distributions. The final chapter of this research is dedicated to investigation of a toxic component of the PM---particle bound metals in one of the unique air basins of the world---The Los Angeles Basin. A better understanding of these toxic components of PM with respect to spatial, diurnal and seasonal variability will provide background information upon which we could base long-term campaigns for population exposure assessments.
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