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Understanding and optimizing preoxid...

Arias, Miguel Salvador.

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Understanding and optimizing preoxidation for disinfection byproduct control.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Understanding and optimizing preoxidation for disinfection byproduct control./
作者:	Arias, Miguel Salvador.
面頁冊數:	164 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-09, Section: B, page: 4701.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International66-09B.
標題:	Environmental Sciences. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3188460
ISBN:	9780542311130

Understanding and optimizing preoxidation for disinfection byproduct control.
Arias, Miguel Salvador.

Understanding and optimizing preoxidation for disinfection byproduct control. - 164 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-09, Section: B, page: 4701.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Colorado at Boulder, 2005.

To minimize disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation three relatively inexpensive options are available to drinking water treatment plants that chlorinate prior to or at the rapid mix: (1) lower the level of chlorine added, (2) move the point of chlorination to after the sedimentation basin, and (3) switch to a different disinfectant/preoxidant. Bench- and pilot-scale studies demonstrated that DBP formation, as measured by total trihalomethanes (TTHM) and the nine haloacetic acids (HAA9) could be controlled through an optimized approach to prechlorination. For the purposes of comparison all dosing approaches targeted a 24-hour 1 mg/L chlorine residual. The worst-case dosing scenario, in which all the chlorine was dosed up front at the rapid mix, was used as the benchmark for comparison. The disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation results indicated that lowering the prechlorination dose (while still applying chlorine as a preoxidant) and re-chlorinating after the sedimentation basin to yield the target distribution system residual yielded lower chlorine consumed (up to 41%) and lower TTHM and HAA9 (up to 51%) formed after 5 days. Using potassium permanganate as a preoxidant yielded similar DBP formation compared to solely applying chlorine after sedimentation. The use of chlorine dioxide, however, yielded the lowest DBP formation for most of the waters tested; average reductions of 50 to 60% were seen for TTHM and HAA9.

ISBN: 9780542311130Subjects--Topical Terms:

676987
Environmental Sciences.

Understanding and optimizing preoxidation for disinfection byproduct control.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-09, Section: B, page: 4701.
500 $a Director: R. Scott Summers.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Colorado at Boulder, 2005.
520 $a To minimize disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation three relatively inexpensive options are available to drinking water treatment plants that chlorinate prior to or at the rapid mix: (1) lower the level of chlorine added, (2) move the point of chlorination to after the sedimentation basin, and (3) switch to a different disinfectant/preoxidant. Bench- and pilot-scale studies demonstrated that DBP formation, as measured by total trihalomethanes (TTHM) and the nine haloacetic acids (HAA9) could be controlled through an optimized approach to prechlorination. For the purposes of comparison all dosing approaches targeted a 24-hour 1 mg/L chlorine residual. The worst-case dosing scenario, in which all the chlorine was dosed up front at the rapid mix, was used as the benchmark for comparison. The disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation results indicated that lowering the prechlorination dose (while still applying chlorine as a preoxidant) and re-chlorinating after the sedimentation basin to yield the target distribution system residual yielded lower chlorine consumed (up to 41%) and lower TTHM and HAA9 (up to 51%) formed after 5 days. Using potassium permanganate as a preoxidant yielded similar DBP formation compared to solely applying chlorine after sedimentation. The use of chlorine dioxide, however, yielded the lowest DBP formation for most of the waters tested; average reductions of 50 to 60% were seen for TTHM and HAA9.
520 $a Chlorine and chlorine dioxide react with natural organic matter to form DBPs, some of which are characterized, e.g., trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) and others that can only be assessed with the adsorbable organic halogen (AOX) measurement. The fate of these DBPs was addressed during alum coagulation of five natural waters. THMs and HAAs preformed in the raw waters were found not to be removed by coagulation, while the uncharacterized AOX (AOX-U), calculated as the difference between the AOX concentration and the THM and HAA concentrations, was effectively removed. Near complete AOX-U removal was achieved by increasing the alum dose. AOX was found not to desorb from the floc. Once flocs were formed, no removal of the DBPs occurred, indicating that adsorption on the aluminum hydroxide precipitate was not the AOX removal mechanism, but that co-precipitation dominated. Chlorine was found to react directly with the flocs to produce a small amount of THMs and HAAs, but not to produce AOX-U.
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650 4 $a Engineering, Environmental. $3 783782
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