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Strategy use and experience in compl...

Pretz, Jean Elizabeth.

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Strategy use and experience in complex everyday problem solving: Holistic intuition helps novices and analysis aids experts.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Strategy use and experience in complex everyday problem solving: Holistic intuition helps novices and analysis aids experts./
Author:	Pretz, Jean Elizabeth.
Description:	90 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-03, Section: B, page: 1571.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International65-03B.
Subject:	Psychology, Cognitive. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3125284
ISBN:	9780496725748

Strategy use and experience in complex everyday problem solving: Holistic intuition helps novices and analysis aids experts.
Pretz, Jean Elizabeth.

Strategy use and experience in complex everyday problem solving: Holistic intuition helps novices and analysis aids experts. - 90 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-03, Section: B, page: 1571.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2004.

Research on dual processes in cognition has found that explicit, analytical thought is more powerful and less vulnerable to heuristics and biases than is implicit, intuitive thought. However, several studies have found that holistic, intuitive processes can outperform analysis, documenting the disruptive effects of hypothesis testing, think-aloud protocols, and analytical judgments. This study hypothesizes that the appropriateness of analysis or intuition depends on the perceived complexity and logic of the problem, and therefore, the problem solver's level of experience. Analysis is expected to be an appropriate strategy for more-experienced individuals because their expertise helps them recognize relevant information and see the problem as more well-defined. In contrast, novices are less likely to recognize key information and are more likely to see problems as ill-structured. An analytical approach may lead novices to focus on irrelevant information and draw incorrect conclusions. Therefore, novices are expected to succeed when they have a holistic perspective, increasing their chances of taking into account the most relevant information.

ISBN: 9780496725748Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017810
Psychology, Cognitive.

Strategy use and experience in complex everyday problem solving: Holistic intuition helps novices and analysis aids experts.
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100 1 $a Pretz, Jean Elizabeth. $3 1909956
245 1 0 $a Strategy use and experience in complex everyday problem solving: Holistic intuition helps novices and analysis aids experts.
300 $a 90 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-03, Section: B, page: 1571.
500 $a Director: Robert J. Sternberg.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University, 2004.
520 $a Research on dual processes in cognition has found that explicit, analytical thought is more powerful and less vulnerable to heuristics and biases than is implicit, intuitive thought. However, several studies have found that holistic, intuitive processes can outperform analysis, documenting the disruptive effects of hypothesis testing, think-aloud protocols, and analytical judgments. This study hypothesizes that the appropriateness of analysis or intuition depends on the perceived complexity and logic of the problem, and therefore, the problem solver's level of experience. Analysis is expected to be an appropriate strategy for more-experienced individuals because their expertise helps them recognize relevant information and see the problem as more well-defined. In contrast, novices are less likely to recognize key information and are more likely to see problems as ill-structured. An analytical approach may lead novices to focus on irrelevant information and draw incorrect conclusions. Therefore, novices are expected to succeed when they have a holistic perspective, increasing their chances of taking into account the most relevant information.
520 $a To examine the impact of strategy use, problem complexity, and level of experience on problem solving, college freshmen and juniors solved problems dealing with college life and the office workplace. Problems were blocked based on rated complexity, and level of experience was operationalized as class year. Strategy use was experimentally manipulated through instructions and measured as individual differences in cognitive style. The analytical strategy was based on a common model of the problem-solving cycle: (1) define the problem, (2) identify the relevant information, (3) allocate resources, and (4) evaluate outcomes and obstacles to solutions. The intuitive strategy was designed to maximize reliance on holistic intuition: (1) imagine the situation vividly, (2) view the problem holistically, (3) trust hunches and emotional information, and (4) incubate when you get stuck. A control group received no strategy instructions.
520 $a Results showed that the intuitive strategy aided novices, whereas the analytical strategy benefited experts. A more intuitive, less analytical approach was beneficial for complex problems. Cognitive style interacted with the manipulation, creating interference for some participants, especially on complex problems. Implications for research on problem solving, intuition, and dual process models are discussed.
590 $a School code: 0265.
650 4 $a Psychology, Cognitive. $3 1017810
650 4 $a Psychology, Personality. $3 1017585
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710 2 0 $a Yale University. $3 515640
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 65-03B.
790 1 0 $a Sternberg, Robert J., $e advisor
790 $a 0265
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2004
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3125284