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Seasonal activity and energetics of ...

Reichard, Jonathan David.

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Seasonal activity and energetics of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) in south-central Texas.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Seasonal activity and energetics of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) in south-central Texas./
Author:	Reichard, Jonathan David.
Description:	239 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-05, Section: B, page: 2792.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International71-05B.
Subject:	Biology, Ecology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3406002
ISBN:	9781109727401

Seasonal activity and energetics of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) in south-central Texas.
Reichard, Jonathan David.

Seasonal activity and energetics of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) in south-central Texas. - 239 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-05, Section: B, page: 2792.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University, 2010.

Bats exhibit diverse morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits that promote survival and reproduction by allowing the exploitation of suitable habitats, optimization of energy and water economy, and responses to environmental conditions. In Texas, the Brazilian free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis ) forms large colonies during warm months of the year and engages in impressive foraging and migratory flights. They are challenged by intraspecific competition for food and shelter and by high energetic costs of locomotion and thermoregulation during flight. I used standard field methods and advanced technologies to investigate group dynamics, thermoregulation, dietary energetics, and migratory behavior in this species. I show that during the active season, colony-wide onset of nightly activity was highly correlated with sunset, but was influenced by seasonal and daily variation in local weather conditions. Moreover, daily emergence times varied according to age and reproductive conditions; pregnant females emerged later than lactating bats and weaned v juveniles emerged earlier than adults, indicating that colony composition, energetic demands and predator avoidance strategies influenced nightly activity. I used thermal infrared cameras to estimate heat loss from free-ranging bats, and found that bat wings are unlikely to dissipate large amounts of heat generated as a byproduct of flight. However, T. brasiliensis experienced net cooling during flight, suggesting heat conservation should be important during migration and nightly foraging. I described a previously undocumented thermal window, or "radiator," in T. brasiliensis, a trait that appears to be present only in the chiropteran family Molossidae. I suggest this "radiator" is an adaptation that facilitates thermoregulation during prolonged flights. By analyzing stable isotopes in hair, I documented partial migration by T. brasiliensis in Texas and established baseline isotopic relationships that are important for connecting Brazilian free-tailed bats at winter roosts to their summer ranges. Finally, I described how interaction between prey consumption and energetic costs of flight affects nightly activity and, in turn leads to redistribution of nutrients and energy to native landscapes and caves. With this research, I have integrated novel and traditional methodologies to make new discoveries about Brazilian free-tailed bat physiology and ecology that enhance the rich scientific record of this well-studied species.

ISBN: 9781109727401Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017726
Biology, Ecology.

Seasonal activity and energetics of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) in south-central Texas.
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035 $a (UMI)AAI3406002
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100 1 $a Reichard, Jonathan David. $3 1682102
245 1 0 $a Seasonal activity and energetics of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) in south-central Texas.
300 $a 239 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-05, Section: B, page: 2792.
500 $a Adviser: Thomas H. Kunz.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University, 2010.
520 $a Bats exhibit diverse morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits that promote survival and reproduction by allowing the exploitation of suitable habitats, optimization of energy and water economy, and responses to environmental conditions. In Texas, the Brazilian free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis ) forms large colonies during warm months of the year and engages in impressive foraging and migratory flights. They are challenged by intraspecific competition for food and shelter and by high energetic costs of locomotion and thermoregulation during flight. I used standard field methods and advanced technologies to investigate group dynamics, thermoregulation, dietary energetics, and migratory behavior in this species. I show that during the active season, colony-wide onset of nightly activity was highly correlated with sunset, but was influenced by seasonal and daily variation in local weather conditions. Moreover, daily emergence times varied according to age and reproductive conditions; pregnant females emerged later than lactating bats and weaned v juveniles emerged earlier than adults, indicating that colony composition, energetic demands and predator avoidance strategies influenced nightly activity. I used thermal infrared cameras to estimate heat loss from free-ranging bats, and found that bat wings are unlikely to dissipate large amounts of heat generated as a byproduct of flight. However, T. brasiliensis experienced net cooling during flight, suggesting heat conservation should be important during migration and nightly foraging. I described a previously undocumented thermal window, or "radiator," in T. brasiliensis, a trait that appears to be present only in the chiropteran family Molossidae. I suggest this "radiator" is an adaptation that facilitates thermoregulation during prolonged flights. By analyzing stable isotopes in hair, I documented partial migration by T. brasiliensis in Texas and established baseline isotopic relationships that are important for connecting Brazilian free-tailed bats at winter roosts to their summer ranges. Finally, I described how interaction between prey consumption and energetic costs of flight affects nightly activity and, in turn leads to redistribution of nutrients and energy to native landscapes and caves. With this research, I have integrated novel and traditional methodologies to make new discoveries about Brazilian free-tailed bat physiology and ecology that enhance the rich scientific record of this well-studied species.
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773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 71-05B.
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791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2010
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3406002