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Multiple mechanisms of apparent moti...

Ho, Ching Elizabeth.

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Multiple mechanisms of apparent motion perception.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Multiple mechanisms of apparent motion perception./
Author:	Ho, Ching Elizabeth.
Description:	136 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 60-12, Section: B, page: 6390.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International60-12B.
Subject:	Biology, Neuroscience. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9956534
ISBN:	9780599602649

Multiple mechanisms of apparent motion perception.
Ho, Ching Elizabeth.

Multiple mechanisms of apparent motion perception. - 136 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 60-12, Section: B, page: 6390.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--California Institute of Technology, 2000.

Motion perception is a complex phenomenon. Recently, multiple categories of motion perception have been defined through properties of the stimulus: e.g., short-range and long-range motion (Braddick, 1980), or first-order (luminance-defined), second-order (texture-defined) (Chubb & Sperling, 1988; Chubb & Sperling, 1989; Cavanagh & Mather, 1989), and third-order (pattern-tracking) (Lu & Sperling, 1995a; Lu & Sperling, 1995b) motion. This thesis elucidates the mechanisms of motion perception for a class of ambiguous motion stimuli. In particular, two competing motion systems were found to be involved in the perception of nominal second-order motion stimuli. These systems were hypothesized to explain the inter-observer differences in the perceived direction of motion, and to explain the differences in performance under a dual task paradigm. The interference effects seen in the dual task performances implied the involvement of multiple forms of/distributed attention. Choice of systems could be influenced by attentional instructions and training in addition to stimulus conditions.

ISBN: 9780599602649Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017680
Biology, Neuroscience.

Multiple mechanisms of apparent motion perception.
LDR:04637nam 2200325 4500 001 1402855
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020 $a 9780599602649
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100 1 $a Ho, Ching Elizabeth. $3 1682070
245 1 0 $a Multiple mechanisms of apparent motion perception.
300 $a 136 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 60-12, Section: B, page: 6390.
500 $a Adviser: Shinsuke Shimojo.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--California Institute of Technology, 2000.
520 $a Motion perception is a complex phenomenon. Recently, multiple categories of motion perception have been defined through properties of the stimulus: e.g., short-range and long-range motion (Braddick, 1980), or first-order (luminance-defined), second-order (texture-defined) (Chubb & Sperling, 1988; Chubb & Sperling, 1989; Cavanagh & Mather, 1989), and third-order (pattern-tracking) (Lu & Sperling, 1995a; Lu & Sperling, 1995b) motion. This thesis elucidates the mechanisms of motion perception for a class of ambiguous motion stimuli. In particular, two competing motion systems were found to be involved in the perception of nominal second-order motion stimuli. These systems were hypothesized to explain the inter-observer differences in the perceived direction of motion, and to explain the differences in performance under a dual task paradigm. The interference effects seen in the dual task performances implied the involvement of multiple forms of/distributed attention. Choice of systems could be influenced by attentional instructions and training in addition to stimulus conditions.
520 $a In viewing an ambiguous texture-defined motion stimulus first devised by Werkhoven et al (1993), the observers fell into two distinct groups based on the direction of perceived motion. The differences were interpreted in terms of the algorithms used to extract motion: one group using a second-order motion process, the other, a third-order motion process. This was investigated further using a dual-task paradigm in which the interference between two tasks indicated the nature of processing involved. Observers who used third-order motion processing experienced interference with a letter-recognition task, and a more severe interference in dual third-order motion tasks. Observers who used second-order motion processing experienced interference with another second-order motion detection task, but not with the letter-recognition task.
520 $a These observations suggest that two systems, a second-order system and a third-order system, are involved in the perception of the nominal second-order motion stimuli. The performance of observers can be interpreted in terms of a simple architecture of motion processing and attentional resource. Insofar as task interference implies competition for attentional resource, the complex and apparently paradoxical interference effects of second-order motion perception suggest that there are multiple attentional resources, or in another word, attention is distributed. Whether two tasks interfere or not depends on whether they require the same attentional resource. A quantitative method, Structure-Attention-Mapping (SAM) was formulated, and a model architecture for the motion pathways was proposed using this method. It was found to be able to explain the data in the experiments.
520 $a While different observers have different innate tendencies to use one pathway over the other, the selection of pathway is not fixed but can be induced by attentional instructions, training, temporal frequency, and viewing conditions. High temporal frequencies and monocular displays favored the second-order system, low temporal frequencies and interocular displays favor the third-order system. In addition, stimuli composed of patches with orthogonal slant patterns (one slant could be selectively attended) favored the third-order direction; same-slant stimuli favored the second-order direction. A study of luminance-defined motion showed that it can also be perceived by a third-order motion system as well as a first-order motion system. The competition between first- and third-order systems qualitatively resembles that between second- and third-order motion systems.
590 $a School code: 0037.
650 4 $a Biology, Neuroscience. $3 1017680
650 4 $a Psychology, Experimental. $3 517106
650 4 $a Psychology, Cognitive. $3 1017810
690 $a 0317
690 $a 0623
690 $a 0633
710 2 $a California Institute of Technology. $3 726902
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 60-12B.
790 1 0 $a Shimojo, Shinsuke, $e advisor
790 $a 0037
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2000
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9956534