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Informational masking and spatial as...

Johnstone, Patti M.

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Informational masking and spatial asymmetry in a "cocktail party" environment: Results with children and adults.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Informational masking and spatial asymmetry in a "cocktail party" environment: Results with children and adults./
Author:	Johnstone, Patti M.
Description:	129 p.
Notes:	Adviser: Ruth Y. Litovsky.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International67-06B.
Subject:	Health Sciences, Audiology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3222877
ISBN:	9780542753756

Informational masking and spatial asymmetry in a "cocktail party" environment: Results with children and adults.
Johnstone, Patti M.

Informational masking and spatial asymmetry in a "cocktail party" environment: Results with children and adults. - 129 p.

Adviser: Ruth Y. Litovsky.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2006.

This study used speech signals to evaluate the effect of stimulus properties known to produce informational masking. Speech reception thresholds (SRTs), masking, and spatial release from masking (SRM) were compared when interferers were near the target speech (at 0° azimuth) or spatially separated from the target by 90° to the right or left. Informational masking was introduced by: varying similarity between the target and interferers (male talkers identical to the target talker, different-sex talkers, or modulated white noise); and by manipulating uncertainly in the auditory environment: interferer type either known or randomly varied on a trial-by-trial basis. Participants were 30 adults, and 30, 6-7 year-old children (equal numbers of males and females).

ISBN: 9780542753756Subjects--Topical Terms:

1018138
Health Sciences, Audiology.

Informational masking and spatial asymmetry in a "cocktail party" environment: Results with children and adults.
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020 $a 9780542753756
035 $a (UnM)AAI3222877
035 $a AAI3222877
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100 1 $a Johnstone, Patti M. $3 1293585
245 1 0 $a Informational masking and spatial asymmetry in a "cocktail party" environment: Results with children and adults.
300 $a 129 p.
500 $a Adviser: Ruth Y. Litovsky.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: B, page: 3036.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2006.
520 $a This study used speech signals to evaluate the effect of stimulus properties known to produce informational masking. Speech reception thresholds (SRTs), masking, and spatial release from masking (SRM) were compared when interferers were near the target speech (at 0° azimuth) or spatially separated from the target by 90° to the right or left. Informational masking was introduced by: varying similarity between the target and interferers (male talkers identical to the target talker, different-sex talkers, or modulated white noise); and by manipulating uncertainly in the auditory environment: interferer type either known or randomly varied on a trial-by-trial basis. Participants were 30 adults, and 30, 6-7 year-old children (equal numbers of males and females).
520 $a The effect of interferer uncertainty in the current study was significant but not uniform (no main effects) for SRT, masking, and SRM. Instead, interferer uncertainty interacted with listener age and sex. Children appear somewhat more sensitive to interferer uncertainty than adults.
520 $a Varying target-interferer similarity produces similar results in children and adults. Interferers that are identical to the target talker produce the highest thresholds, the most masking, and large amounts of SRM, followed by MN and the different-sex talkers. Children, however, experience more masking with the speech interferers than adults.
520 $a The spatial location of the interferers to the left or right is important. Adults show a significant spatial asymmetry with regards to SRT, masking, and SRM: SRTs are significantly lower, masking is significantly less, and SRM is significantly higher when interferers are to the right (left ear in head shadow).
520 $a Development does play a role in "cocktail party" environments. Children have higher SRTs and more masking than adults. In addition, children do not show the same spatial asymmetry that was found in adults. Children, particularly boys, had lower SRTs, less masking, and more SRM when the interferers were to the left (right ear in head shadow).
520 $a Finally, the sex of the listener did not have a uniform effect on SRT, masking, and SRM. Most of the differences between males and females were found with the children. These could reflect developmental differences between boys and girls with regards to attention.
590 $a School code: 0262.
650 4 $a Health Sciences, Audiology. $3 1018138
690 $a 0300
710 2 0 $a The University of Wisconsin - Madison. $3 626640
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 67-06B.
790 $a 0262
790 1 0 $a Litovsky, Ruth Y., $e advisor
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2006
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3222877