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METABOLITES OF SOIL ACTINOMYCETES AS...

DEFRANK, JOSEPH.

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METABOLITES OF SOIL ACTINOMYCETES AS A SOURCE OF HERBICIDE CHEMISTRY (ANTIBIOTICS, ALLELOPATHY, NATURAL PRODUCTS).

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	METABOLITES OF SOIL ACTINOMYCETES AS A SOURCE OF HERBICIDE CHEMISTRY (ANTIBIOTICS, ALLELOPATHY, NATURAL PRODUCTS)./
Author:	DEFRANK, JOSEPH.
Description:	106 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 44-12, Section: B, page: 3581.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International44-12B.
Subject:	Agriculture, General. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=8407177

METABOLITES OF SOIL ACTINOMYCETES AS A SOURCE OF HERBICIDE CHEMISTRY (ANTIBIOTICS, ALLELOPATHY, NATURAL PRODUCTS).
DEFRANK, JOSEPH.

METABOLITES OF SOIL ACTINOMYCETES AS A SOURCE OF HERBICIDE CHEMISTRY (ANTIBIOTICS, ALLELOPATHY, NATURAL PRODUCTS). - 106 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 44-12, Section: B, page: 3581.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University, 1983.

Three antibiotics previously identified as inhibitory to germination and growth were tested for their effect on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) and cress (Lepidium sativum c.v. Curly cress). Antibiotics ranked most to least inhibitory were: cycloheximide > oxytetracycline > streptomycin. An isolation and screening procedure was developed to identify soil antinomycetes that are able to produce germination and growth inhibitors on agar plates. Nine isolates of 120 demonstrated severe toxicity on cress and barnyardgrass indicators. Several isolates were observed to stimulate seedling growth. Repeatability of the agar screening method was demonstrated, but the appearance of toxins in agar media was not always correlated to their production during submerged culture.Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017510
Agriculture, General.

METABOLITES OF SOIL ACTINOMYCETES AS A SOURCE OF HERBICIDE CHEMISTRY (ANTIBIOTICS, ALLELOPATHY, NATURAL PRODUCTS).
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035 $a (UMI)AAI8407177
035 $a AAI8407177
040 $a UMI $c UMI
100 1 $a DEFRANK, JOSEPH. $3 1271199
245 1 0 $a METABOLITES OF SOIL ACTINOMYCETES AS A SOURCE OF HERBICIDE CHEMISTRY (ANTIBIOTICS, ALLELOPATHY, NATURAL PRODUCTS).
300 $a 106 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 44-12, Section: B, page: 3581.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University, 1983.
520 $a Three antibiotics previously identified as inhibitory to germination and growth were tested for their effect on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) and cress (Lepidium sativum c.v. Curly cress). Antibiotics ranked most to least inhibitory were: cycloheximide > oxytetracycline > streptomycin. An isolation and screening procedure was developed to identify soil antinomycetes that are able to produce germination and growth inhibitors on agar plates. Nine isolates of 120 demonstrated severe toxicity on cress and barnyardgrass indicators. Several isolates were observed to stimulate seedling growth. Repeatability of the agar screening method was demonstrated, but the appearance of toxins in agar media was not always correlated to their production during submerged culture.
520 $a Streptomyces sp. 101, was isolated from a Houghton muck soil within a dense quackgrass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.) rhizosphere. This isolate produced herbicidal compounds in an aerobic fermentation. Active compounds appeared in the fermentation broth after 2 days, peaked at 6 days and appeared slightly reduced by 8 days. A methanol extract oflyophilized broth was sprayed on several species of 10-day-old weed seedlings. Selective foliar toxicity was recorded with dicotyledonous species that were generally more severely injured than monocots.
520 $a Herbicidal compounds were separated and purified using thin layer, column and high performance liquid chromatographic techniques. The compounds were identified by mass spectroscopy and in the case of cycloheximide, co-chromatographed with known material.
520 $a Greenhouse and field experiments were initiated to determine if plant growth could be adversely affected by soil inoculations with a toxin producing Streptomycete. In the greenhouse experiments, barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) was significantly inhibited by soil inoculation, whereas cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) were unaffected. In a field experiment, a band of inoculum was spread over indicator rows of oat (Avena sativa L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) which were planted with a no-tillage method into desiccated cover crops of oat, rye (Secale cereale L.), sorghum x sudangrass (S.bicolor x S.vulgare) and no cover crop. Oats were significantly inhibited (21% reduction in dry weight) by soil inoculations with the 101 isolate.
590 $a School code: 0128.
650 4 $a Agriculture, General. $3 1017510
690 $a 0473
710 2 $a Michigan State University. $3 676168
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 44-12B.
790 $a 0128
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 1983
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=8407177