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The functional roles of retinal home...

University of Idaho.

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The functional roles of retinal homeobox genes in zebrafish retinal development and an introduction to silica nanomaterial toxicity in zebrafish embryos.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The functional roles of retinal homeobox genes in zebrafish retinal development and an introduction to silica nanomaterial toxicity in zebrafish embryos./
Author:	Nelson, Steve M.
Description:	172 p.
Notes:	Adviser: Deborah L. Stenkamp.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International70-02B.
Subject:	Biology, Neuroscience. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3347522
ISBN:	9781109025705

The functional roles of retinal homeobox genes in zebrafish retinal development and an introduction to silica nanomaterial toxicity in zebrafish embryos.
Nelson, Steve M.

The functional roles of retinal homeobox genes in zebrafish retinal development and an introduction to silica nanomaterial toxicity in zebrafish embryos. - 172 p.

Adviser: Deborah L. Stenkamp.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Idaho, 2008.

Hereditary retinal degenerations occur with an incidence of approximately one in 3,500 births in the United States. At the cellular level, these disorders are usually characterized by the sequential loss of rod and cone photoreceptors. Many of the genes that have been implicated in retinal degenerations encode proteins that regulate photoreceptor differentiation or are a part of the phototransduction pathway. The human retinal homeobox gene, QRX, is expressed in photoreceptors and quite recently, a defect in this gene has been proposed to lead to the development of retinitis pigmentosa. In the present research, we have identified the developmental sequence of gene expression that gives rise to the rod lineage of photoreceptors and we have placed the zebrafish retinal homeobox 1 (rx1) gene within this lineage. In addition, we have shown that rx1 is expressed in all subclasses of rod and cone photoreceptors. Further studies presented here indicate that rx1 but not rx2 plays a significant role in the proliferation of retinal progenitors early in retinal development and both are required for photoreceptor differentiation later in retinal development. Our findings show that rx genes are necessary for maintaining retinal progenitors in early retinogenesis and are necessary for photoreceptor differentiation.

ISBN: 9781109025705Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017680
Biology, Neuroscience.

The functional roles of retinal homeobox genes in zebrafish retinal development and an introduction to silica nanomaterial toxicity in zebrafish embryos.
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005 20100708
008 100708s2008 ||||||||||||||||| ||eng d
020 $a 9781109025705
035 $a (UMI)AAI3347522
035 $a AAI3347522
040 $a UMI $c UMI
100 1 $a Nelson, Steve M. $3 1021833
245 1 4 $a The functional roles of retinal homeobox genes in zebrafish retinal development and an introduction to silica nanomaterial toxicity in zebrafish embryos.
300 $a 172 p.
500 $a Adviser: Deborah L. Stenkamp.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-02, Section: B, page: 0862.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Idaho, 2008.
520 $a Hereditary retinal degenerations occur with an incidence of approximately one in 3,500 births in the United States. At the cellular level, these disorders are usually characterized by the sequential loss of rod and cone photoreceptors. Many of the genes that have been implicated in retinal degenerations encode proteins that regulate photoreceptor differentiation or are a part of the phototransduction pathway. The human retinal homeobox gene, QRX, is expressed in photoreceptors and quite recently, a defect in this gene has been proposed to lead to the development of retinitis pigmentosa. In the present research, we have identified the developmental sequence of gene expression that gives rise to the rod lineage of photoreceptors and we have placed the zebrafish retinal homeobox 1 (rx1) gene within this lineage. In addition, we have shown that rx1 is expressed in all subclasses of rod and cone photoreceptors. Further studies presented here indicate that rx1 but not rx2 plays a significant role in the proliferation of retinal progenitors early in retinal development and both are required for photoreceptor differentiation later in retinal development. Our findings show that rx genes are necessary for maintaining retinal progenitors in early retinogenesis and are necessary for photoreceptor differentiation.
520 $a Nanomaterials have recently emerged as a viable option for the targeted delivery of therapeutic molecules. However, the toxic effects of many nanomaterials remain untested and little is known of their effects on developing embryos. We have tested several silica derived nanomaterials for toxicity in zebrafish embryos and we have shown that silica nanowires are more toxic and cause teratogenic defects when compared to silica nanoparticles. Our study indicates that the predicted LD50 for silica nanowires is very low (1.5 ng/g of tissue). Of perhaps more significance was the observation that silica nanowires were found to cause defects in neurulation leading to death or holoprosencephaly at frequencies well above that described for humans (including stillborns). Our results suggest that further testing of silica nanomaterials will be needed before they can be used as targeted drug delivery platforms.
590 $a School code: 0089.
650 4 $a Biology, Neuroscience. $3 1017680
650 4 $a Health Sciences, Ophthalmology. $3 1019445
650 4 $a Health Sciences, Toxicology. $3 1017752
690 $a 0317
690 $a 0381
690 $a 0383
710 2 $a University of Idaho. $3 718915
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 70-02B.
790 $a 0089
790 1 0 $a Stenkamp, Deborah L., $e advisor
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2008
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3347522