東華大學圖書館 |

Effects of Landscape Characteristics on Aquatic Biodiversity in Restored Wetlands /

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Effects of Landscape Characteristics on Aquatic Biodiversity in Restored Wetlands // Jeffrey P Lim.
作者:	Lim, Jeffrey P.,
面頁冊數:	1 electronic resource (272 pages)
附註:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 86-07.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International86-07.
標題:	Natural resource management. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31767329
ISBN:	9798346892878

Effects of Landscape Characteristics on Aquatic Biodiversity in Restored Wetlands /
Lim, Jeffrey P.,

Effects of Landscape Characteristics on Aquatic Biodiversity in Restored Wetlands /Jeffrey P Lim. - 1 electronic resource (272 pages)

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 86-07.

Globally, wetlands are one of the most critical ecosystems. Wetlands provide habitat for a diversity of organisms, sequester carbon, cycle nutrients, trap sediments, and abate flooding. Despite their importance, wetlands are one of the most degraded ecosystems in the world. In the United States, wetlands have historically been drained for agricultural and urban expansion. However, more recently this paradigm has shifted as wetland protections have been codified in legislation following the recognition of the value that wetland ecosystem services provide. The recognition of the ecosystem services provided by wetlands has also led to the conservation, restoration, and creation of wetlands. However, little is known regarding what factors at the landscape scale affect biodiversity and other ecosystem services in restored or created wetlands. This study evaluated if water chemistry, land cover type, and other physical characteristics (e.g., distance to other water bodies and soil type) were related to abundance, richness, and diversity of macroinvertebrates and plants, richness of fish, and specifically WWMBI, wFQI, and HDG values at restored wetland sites. This study focused on palustrine unconsolidated bottom organic (PUB-4) wetlands, hereafter referred to as "ponds" (FWS, 2013 [1]). This included examining surrounding land cover types at three spatial scales, proximity of study ponds to other nearby permanent ponds, and water quality parameters of ponds in restored wetlands. To answer these questions, data collected in 2021, 2022, and 2023 from 62 ponds across 41 conservation easements throughout central Wisconsin were examined.Data on the land cover surrounding each pond was collected remotely and managed using ArcGIS Pro, Google Earth Pro, and data from the USGS National Land Cover Database (NLCD). Biological data and water quality parameters were collected in May and August each year of the study (2021 through 2023) from each pond. Biological data consisted of macroinvertebrate sampling, vegetation surveys, and fish surveys. Macroinvertebrates were sampled using two methods: passive activity traps and sweeps with a d-framed net. Vegetation was surveyed using a modified version of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources time meander survey. Fish were surveyed to assess presence or absence and species composition using seine hauls. Water samples were collected at each pond and analyzed at the University of Wisconsin Stevens Point (UWSP) Water and Environmental Analysis Lab (WEAL). Water quality parameters sampled in this study included total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chloride concentration, diaminochlortriazine (DACT), neonicotinoid pesticides, and alkalinity. Specific conductivity was measured in the field using a Hanna Instruments dissolved solids tester.My findings suggest that the type of land cover within 100 meters of each pond had the most influential effects on water quality. Some important factors present at 100-meters were still significant 1000-meters away from ponds; however, this only occurred in a few instances. Water movement across the landscape was manually assessed using a variety of methods. Ultimately, no methods were able to measure the relationships between land cover in the drainage basin of study ponds and water quality. This was likely due to a combination of factors including the complex and altered hydrology of the landscape from historical farming practices (e.g., drain tiling), the relatively topographically flat area in which these systems exist, and the relatively small size of these systems. Findings also indicated that the presence of other nearby permanent ponds was inversely related to insect richness at the family level. In terms of water chemistry, chloride concentration, total phosphorus, and DACT concentration primarily influenced aspects of macroinvertebrate community structure with few effects from total nitrogen. Richness for insects (family and genus level) was inversely related to both chloride and DACT, while non-insect richness was directly related to total phosphorus and total nitrogen. Non-insect abundance was directly related to chloride concentrations, and non-insect diversity was directly related to total phosphorus. WWMBI scores were also inversely related to chloride concentrations. Biotic communities also differed between sampling years, likely due to declining precipitation in Wisconsin year to year during this study. Based upon the results of this study, I concluded that the proportion of developed land, cropland, and open water/wetlands affected aquatic communities in ponds of restored wetlands. Developed land cover (typically roads) which is linked to elevated levels of chloride, was found to inversely affect invertebrate community structure in terms of insect richness (family and genus level) while also inversely affecting WWMBI score. WWMBI was also directly related to cropland, along with non-insect diversity and richness. Open water/wetlands inversely affected insect abundance, while directly affecting non-insect richness and fish richness. These effects were observed within a 100-meter radius of each pond. Conversely, macrophyte assemblages only exhibited significant variation between years in which they were sampled, while remaining unaffected by all other variables examined in this study.Overall, these findings suggest that considerations of nearby land cover are of critical importance when selecting suitable locations for wetland restorations when considering biodiversity. Landscape features, both natural and anthropogenic, were found to affect the communities of aquatic invertebrates present at ponds, as well as the water quality of ponds examined in this study. Furthermore, while not found to be directly affected by landscape level variables, vegetation was found to vary year to year, potentially indicating that drought conditions disproportionately affected macrophyte communities. As a result, restored wetlands may benefit from adjusting management practices to further consider selecting locations which may be more resilient to the effects of drought, particularly in the face of a changing climate.

English

ISBN: 9798346892878Subjects--Topical Terms:

589570
Natural resource management.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Wetlands

Effects of Landscape Characteristics on Aquatic Biodiversity in Restored Wetlands /
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520 $a Globally, wetlands are one of the most critical ecosystems. Wetlands provide habitat for a diversity of organisms, sequester carbon, cycle nutrients, trap sediments, and abate flooding. Despite their importance, wetlands are one of the most degraded ecosystems in the world. In the United States, wetlands have historically been drained for agricultural and urban expansion. However, more recently this paradigm has shifted as wetland protections have been codified in legislation following the recognition of the value that wetland ecosystem services provide. The recognition of the ecosystem services provided by wetlands has also led to the conservation, restoration, and creation of wetlands. However, little is known regarding what factors at the landscape scale affect biodiversity and other ecosystem services in restored or created wetlands. This study evaluated if water chemistry, land cover type, and other physical characteristics (e.g., distance to other water bodies and soil type) were related to abundance, richness, and diversity of macroinvertebrates and plants, richness of fish, and specifically WWMBI, wFQI, and HDG values at restored wetland sites. This study focused on palustrine unconsolidated bottom organic (PUB-4) wetlands, hereafter referred to as "ponds" (FWS, 2013 [1]). This included examining surrounding land cover types at three spatial scales, proximity of study ponds to other nearby permanent ponds, and water quality parameters of ponds in restored wetlands. To answer these questions, data collected in 2021, 2022, and 2023 from 62 ponds across 41 conservation easements throughout central Wisconsin were examined.Data on the land cover surrounding each pond was collected remotely and managed using ArcGIS Pro, Google Earth Pro, and data from the USGS National Land Cover Database (NLCD). Biological data and water quality parameters were collected in May and August each year of the study (2021 through 2023) from each pond. Biological data consisted of macroinvertebrate sampling, vegetation surveys, and fish surveys. Macroinvertebrates were sampled using two methods: passive activity traps and sweeps with a d-framed net. Vegetation was surveyed using a modified version of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources time meander survey. Fish were surveyed to assess presence or absence and species composition using seine hauls. Water samples were collected at each pond and analyzed at the University of Wisconsin Stevens Point (UWSP) Water and Environmental Analysis Lab (WEAL). Water quality parameters sampled in this study included total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chloride concentration, diaminochlortriazine (DACT), neonicotinoid pesticides, and alkalinity. Specific conductivity was measured in the field using a Hanna Instruments dissolved solids tester.My findings suggest that the type of land cover within 100 meters of each pond had the most influential effects on water quality. Some important factors present at 100-meters were still significant 1000-meters away from ponds; however, this only occurred in a few instances. Water movement across the landscape was manually assessed using a variety of methods. Ultimately, no methods were able to measure the relationships between land cover in the drainage basin of study ponds and water quality. This was likely due to a combination of factors including the complex and altered hydrology of the landscape from historical farming practices (e.g., drain tiling), the relatively topographically flat area in which these systems exist, and the relatively small size of these systems. Findings also indicated that the presence of other nearby permanent ponds was inversely related to insect richness at the family level. In terms of water chemistry, chloride concentration, total phosphorus, and DACT concentration primarily influenced aspects of macroinvertebrate community structure with few effects from total nitrogen. Richness for insects (family and genus level) was inversely related to both chloride and DACT, while non-insect richness was directly related to total phosphorus and total nitrogen. Non-insect abundance was directly related to chloride concentrations, and non-insect diversity was directly related to total phosphorus. WWMBI scores were also inversely related to chloride concentrations. Biotic communities also differed between sampling years, likely due to declining precipitation in Wisconsin year to year during this study. Based upon the results of this study, I concluded that the proportion of developed land, cropland, and open water/wetlands affected aquatic communities in ponds of restored wetlands. Developed land cover (typically roads) which is linked to elevated levels of chloride, was found to inversely affect invertebrate community structure in terms of insect richness (family and genus level) while also inversely affecting WWMBI score. WWMBI was also directly related to cropland, along with non-insect diversity and richness. Open water/wetlands inversely affected insect abundance, while directly affecting non-insect richness and fish richness. These effects were observed within a 100-meter radius of each pond. Conversely, macrophyte assemblages only exhibited significant variation between years in which they were sampled, while remaining unaffected by all other variables examined in this study.Overall, these findings suggest that considerations of nearby land cover are of critical importance when selecting suitable locations for wetland restorations when considering biodiversity. Landscape features, both natural and anthropogenic, were found to affect the communities of aquatic invertebrates present at ponds, as well as the water quality of ponds examined in this study. Furthermore, while not found to be directly affected by landscape level variables, vegetation was found to vary year to year, potentially indicating that drought conditions disproportionately affected macrophyte communities. As a result, restored wetlands may benefit from adjusting management practices to further consider selecting locations which may be more resilient to the effects of drought, particularly in the face of a changing climate.
546 $a English
590 $a School code: 2129
650 4 $a Natural resource management. $3 589570
650 4 $a Ecology. $3 516476
650 4 $a Aquatic sciences. $3 3174300
650 4 $a Land use planning. $3 2122760
653 $a Wetlands
653 $a Flooding
653 $a Ecosystems
653 $a Urban expansion
653 $a Water chemistry
690 $a 0528
690 $a 0536
690 $a 0329
690 $a 0792
710 2 $a University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point. $b College of Natural Resources. $e degree granting institution. $3 3817022
720 1 $a VanDeHey, Justin $e degree supervisor.
720 1 $a Studinski, Jered M. $e degree supervisor.
773 0 $t Masters Abstracts International $g 86-07.
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791 $a M.S.
792 $a 2024
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