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Reproductive Systems in Acacia Crass...

Martins, Gustavo Salgado.

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Reproductive Systems in Acacia Crassicarpa Leveraging Breeding Opportunities for Accelerated Delivery of Genetic Gains in Important Quantitative Forestry Traits.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Reproductive Systems in Acacia Crassicarpa Leveraging Breeding Opportunities for Accelerated Delivery of Genetic Gains in Important Quantitative Forestry Traits./
Author:	Martins, Gustavo Salgado.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2023,
Description:	176 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-01, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-01A.
Subject:	Flowers & plants. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30516336
ISBN:	9798379870560

Reproductive Systems in Acacia Crassicarpa Leveraging Breeding Opportunities for Accelerated Delivery of Genetic Gains in Important Quantitative Forestry Traits.
Martins, Gustavo Salgado.

Reproductive Systems in Acacia Crassicarpa Leveraging Breeding Opportunities for Accelerated Delivery of Genetic Gains in Important Quantitative Forestry Traits. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023 - 176 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-01, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2023.

Acacia crassicarpais an important tree species in Southeast Asia. Its vigorous growth, resistance to pests and diseases, and good bole form are valuable features for tropical forestry. There are still constraints to maximizing the delivery of genetic gains. Although feasible, controlled pollination is impractical for advancing breeding populations requiring a huge effort to produce more than a few crosses per year. Vegetative propagation is possible only with juvenile ortets. Finally, there is limited knowledge about the wood properties of the species.This study applied genomics to unveil mating dynamics, reconstruct full-sib families for trial testing, and evaluate the potential of genomic selection to accelerate genetic gains for the species. Additionally, important wood and pulping properties were characterized, and within-tree patterns of variation were investigated for efficient phenotyping strategies.One season of reproduction in a seed orchard was characterized by genotyping 84,315 seedlings with forty-two SNP markers. The analysis indicated that 67.8% of the seed collected was derived from male parents within the orchard. The average number of male parents per openpollination family was 50, with the average dominant male proportion equal to 23%. The reproductive success of genotypes was highly variable. Cumulative combined male-female reproductive success indicated that 50% of parents produced 80% of the seed. Spatial analysis showed a moderate-high spatial correlation between the mother tree's distance to the pollen source and its proportion within the open-pollination family, with a rapid decay with distance increase. On the wood properties, forty trees were selected for destructive sampling at age 50 months and assessed for wood density, kraft pulp yield, α-cellulose, carbohydrate composition, lignin content, and syringil/guayacil ratio. The mean whole-tree disc basic density was 481 kg m-3and screened kraft pulp yield was 53.8%. Ground-level sampling could reliably predict the whole-tree property for basic density, pulp yield, and glucose content. Using NIR predictions to indirectly measure basic density, correlations with whole-tree density values were sufficient to allow accurate ranking and efficient selection of genotypes in a breeding program context.Genetic control of quantitative traits was studied with full-sib multi-environmental progeny trials measured at 36 months. The traits were predominantly controlled by additive effects, with heritability ranging between 0.09 for survival to 0.45 for basic density. The genetic correlation across sites was high for all traits showing the low impact of genotype-by-environment interaction. The trait-trait correlation showed that straightness was independent of other traits, survival was only correlated with mean annual increment, and growth traits were highly correlated among themselves. Surprisingly, wood basic density was highly correlated with growth traits.Integrating genomic methods into the breeding program of A. crassicarpamade possible the construction of genomic models with excellent breeding value prediction ability. Genomic models outperformed pedigree-based models for all traits, and accurate individual tree selection resulted in valuable gains for all units of selection: individual trees for generation advancement or within-family genomic selection for deployment with family forestry. The average gain from the within-family genomic selection practiced with a selection intensity of 10% on the top five ranked families was 18%, demonstrating the opportunity to effectively double the gains achieved in a generation compared to deployment based on family means.

ISBN: 9798379870560Subjects--Topical Terms:

3564028
Flowers & plants.

Reproductive Systems in Acacia Crassicarpa Leveraging Breeding Opportunities for Accelerated Delivery of Genetic Gains in Important Quantitative Forestry Traits.
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245 1 0 $a Reproductive Systems in Acacia Crassicarpa Leveraging Breeding Opportunities for Accelerated Delivery of Genetic Gains in Important Quantitative Forestry Traits.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-01, Section: A.
500 $a Advisor: Acosta, Juan J.;Hodge, Gary R.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2023.
520 $a Acacia crassicarpais an important tree species in Southeast Asia. Its vigorous growth, resistance to pests and diseases, and good bole form are valuable features for tropical forestry. There are still constraints to maximizing the delivery of genetic gains. Although feasible, controlled pollination is impractical for advancing breeding populations requiring a huge effort to produce more than a few crosses per year. Vegetative propagation is possible only with juvenile ortets. Finally, there is limited knowledge about the wood properties of the species.This study applied genomics to unveil mating dynamics, reconstruct full-sib families for trial testing, and evaluate the potential of genomic selection to accelerate genetic gains for the species. Additionally, important wood and pulping properties were characterized, and within-tree patterns of variation were investigated for efficient phenotyping strategies.One season of reproduction in a seed orchard was characterized by genotyping 84,315 seedlings with forty-two SNP markers. The analysis indicated that 67.8% of the seed collected was derived from male parents within the orchard. The average number of male parents per openpollination family was 50, with the average dominant male proportion equal to 23%. The reproductive success of genotypes was highly variable. Cumulative combined male-female reproductive success indicated that 50% of parents produced 80% of the seed. Spatial analysis showed a moderate-high spatial correlation between the mother tree's distance to the pollen source and its proportion within the open-pollination family, with a rapid decay with distance increase. On the wood properties, forty trees were selected for destructive sampling at age 50 months and assessed for wood density, kraft pulp yield, α-cellulose, carbohydrate composition, lignin content, and syringil/guayacil ratio. The mean whole-tree disc basic density was 481 kg m-3and screened kraft pulp yield was 53.8%. Ground-level sampling could reliably predict the whole-tree property for basic density, pulp yield, and glucose content. Using NIR predictions to indirectly measure basic density, correlations with whole-tree density values were sufficient to allow accurate ranking and efficient selection of genotypes in a breeding program context.Genetic control of quantitative traits was studied with full-sib multi-environmental progeny trials measured at 36 months. The traits were predominantly controlled by additive effects, with heritability ranging between 0.09 for survival to 0.45 for basic density. The genetic correlation across sites was high for all traits showing the low impact of genotype-by-environment interaction. The trait-trait correlation showed that straightness was independent of other traits, survival was only correlated with mean annual increment, and growth traits were highly correlated among themselves. Surprisingly, wood basic density was highly correlated with growth traits.Integrating genomic methods into the breeding program of A. crassicarpamade possible the construction of genomic models with excellent breeding value prediction ability. Genomic models outperformed pedigree-based models for all traits, and accurate individual tree selection resulted in valuable gains for all units of selection: individual trees for generation advancement or within-family genomic selection for deployment with family forestry. The average gain from the within-family genomic selection practiced with a selection intensity of 10% on the top five ranked families was 18%, demonstrating the opportunity to effectively double the gains achieved in a generation compared to deployment based on family means.
590 $a School code: 0155.
650 4 $a Flowers & plants. $3 3564028
650 4 $a Lignin. $3 1097216
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650 4 $a Biology. $3 522710
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650 4 $a Genomics. $3 600531
650 4 $a Ecology. $3 516476
650 4 $a Minority & ethnic groups. $3 3422415
650 4 $a Cellulose. $3 588995
650 4 $a Seeds. $3 573605
650 4 $a Glucose. $3 2084335
650 4 $a Trees. $3 516384
650 4 $a Females. $3 1629802
650 4 $a Legumes. $3 633148
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650 4 $a Animal sciences. $3 3174829
650 4 $a Ethnic studies. $2 bicssc $3 1556779
650 4 $a Genetics. $3 530508
650 4 $a Plant sciences. $3 3173832
650 4 $a Wood sciences. $3 3168288
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856 4 0 $u https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30516336