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A Perceived System Justification Def...

Liaquat, Usman.

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A Perceived System Justification Deficit Model of Outgroup Antipathy.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	A Perceived System Justification Deficit Model of Outgroup Antipathy./
Author:	Liaquat, Usman.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2024,
Description:	275 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-08, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-08A.
Subject:	Social psychology. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30814115
ISBN:	9798381742077

A Perceived System Justification Deficit Model of Outgroup Antipathy.
Liaquat, Usman.

A Perceived System Justification Deficit Model of Outgroup Antipathy. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024 - 275 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-08, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2024.

Over two decades of research inspired by insights from System Justification Theory (Jost, 2020) and body of work on political conservatism as motivated social cognition (Jost, 2021) has illustrated that people are motivated, to varying degrees, to justify, legitimize, and defend systems that govern their lives. These motivations to justify and defend prevailing systems are borne out of dispositional and situationally activated fundamental needs to avoid disorder, chaos, ambiguity, uncertainty, and social discord that can result from processes of social change. While much is known about how these basic existential, epistemic, and relational needs influence perceivers' own motivations to defend the status quo, extant work within social psychology does not demonstrate how these needs influence prescriptions for what social others should believe. Insofar as the stability of overarching systems depends on mass societal consensus (e.g., Smelser, 1962, Tilly, 1978) then those with high system justification motivations (i.e., political conservatives) should also place stringent prescriptions upon social others about what to believe about the system.Thus, in this dissertation I present a reconceptualization and reimagining of the ideology-based route to outgroup antipathy based on a novel theoretical application of system justification theory (Jost, 2020). I formulate and test a new framework, "the perceived system justification deficit model of outgroup antipathy" (Chapter 1); I reasoned that antipathy towards outgroups would result from the deficit or gap between perceivers' beliefs about the extent to which a social group should or ought to support the system (prescriptive beliefs) and how much they are perceived to presently engage in system justification (descriptive beliefs). In this dissertation, I also test the utility of a novel index of this perceived system justification deficit/gap in predicting antipathy towards outgroups, specifically immigrants, in a series of 7 studies.In Studies 1a-1b and 2, I test chronic liberal-conservative differences in prescriptive and descriptive beliefs about immigrants' system justification. In Studies 1a-1b (Chapter 2) I demonstrate that conservatives place more stringent prescriptions on how much immigrants should justify the system, resulting in a larger perceived deficit in immigrants' system justification for conservatives. Moreover, this perceived system justification deficit mediates the association between conservatism and antipathy towards (non-European) immigrants. In Study 2 (Chapter 3), I follow up with an experiment demonstrating that given their higher system justification prescriptions, conservatives' attitudes and feelings are more sensitive to an immigrant groups' professed levels of system justification.In Studies 3-5, I demonstrate various situational and contextual factors that influence either these prescriptive beliefs or descriptive beliefs, with downstream consequences for the size of the perceived deficit concerning immigrants' system justification and hence antipathy towards immigrants. Specifically, in Study 3 (Chapter 4), I demonstrate that immigrants' cultural assimilation behaviors influence both liberals' and conservatives' descriptive (but not prescriptive beliefs) about the group's system justification. In Study 4 (Chapter 5), I demonstrate that perceptions about the extent to which immigrants benefit from coming to the host society raises both prescriptive and descriptive beliefs concerning immigrants' system justification, regardless of perceivers' ideology. In Study 5 (Chapter 6), I demonstrate that a system dependence manipulation increases conservatives' (but not liberals') prescriptions for others to be system justifying.Finally in Study 6 (Chapter 7), I demonstrate that perceptions of immigrants' political power moderates the association between perceived deficit in their system justification and general antipathy and fear of the group. Moreover, in all studies, I demonstrate that the perceived deficit in an immigrant groups' system justification is a robust and reliable predictor of antipathy towards the group.In closing this dissertation (Chapter 8), I discuss the novel contributions made in these series of studies. I also discuss some limitations and potential future directions.

ISBN: 9798381742077Subjects--Topical Terms:

520219
Social psychology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Antipathy

A Perceived System Justification Deficit Model of Outgroup Antipathy.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-08, Section: A.
500 $a Advisor: Jost, John T.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2024.
520 $a Over two decades of research inspired by insights from System Justification Theory (Jost, 2020) and body of work on political conservatism as motivated social cognition (Jost, 2021) has illustrated that people are motivated, to varying degrees, to justify, legitimize, and defend systems that govern their lives. These motivations to justify and defend prevailing systems are borne out of dispositional and situationally activated fundamental needs to avoid disorder, chaos, ambiguity, uncertainty, and social discord that can result from processes of social change. While much is known about how these basic existential, epistemic, and relational needs influence perceivers' own motivations to defend the status quo, extant work within social psychology does not demonstrate how these needs influence prescriptions for what social others should believe. Insofar as the stability of overarching systems depends on mass societal consensus (e.g., Smelser, 1962, Tilly, 1978) then those with high system justification motivations (i.e., political conservatives) should also place stringent prescriptions upon social others about what to believe about the system.Thus, in this dissertation I present a reconceptualization and reimagining of the ideology-based route to outgroup antipathy based on a novel theoretical application of system justification theory (Jost, 2020). I formulate and test a new framework, "the perceived system justification deficit model of outgroup antipathy" (Chapter 1); I reasoned that antipathy towards outgroups would result from the deficit or gap between perceivers' beliefs about the extent to which a social group should or ought to support the system (prescriptive beliefs) and how much they are perceived to presently engage in system justification (descriptive beliefs). In this dissertation, I also test the utility of a novel index of this perceived system justification deficit/gap in predicting antipathy towards outgroups, specifically immigrants, in a series of 7 studies.In Studies 1a-1b and 2, I test chronic liberal-conservative differences in prescriptive and descriptive beliefs about immigrants' system justification. In Studies 1a-1b (Chapter 2) I demonstrate that conservatives place more stringent prescriptions on how much immigrants should justify the system, resulting in a larger perceived deficit in immigrants' system justification for conservatives. Moreover, this perceived system justification deficit mediates the association between conservatism and antipathy towards (non-European) immigrants. In Study 2 (Chapter 3), I follow up with an experiment demonstrating that given their higher system justification prescriptions, conservatives' attitudes and feelings are more sensitive to an immigrant groups' professed levels of system justification.In Studies 3-5, I demonstrate various situational and contextual factors that influence either these prescriptive beliefs or descriptive beliefs, with downstream consequences for the size of the perceived deficit concerning immigrants' system justification and hence antipathy towards immigrants. Specifically, in Study 3 (Chapter 4), I demonstrate that immigrants' cultural assimilation behaviors influence both liberals' and conservatives' descriptive (but not prescriptive beliefs) about the group's system justification. In Study 4 (Chapter 5), I demonstrate that perceptions about the extent to which immigrants benefit from coming to the host society raises both prescriptive and descriptive beliefs concerning immigrants' system justification, regardless of perceivers' ideology. In Study 5 (Chapter 6), I demonstrate that a system dependence manipulation increases conservatives' (but not liberals') prescriptions for others to be system justifying.Finally in Study 6 (Chapter 7), I demonstrate that perceptions of immigrants' political power moderates the association between perceived deficit in their system justification and general antipathy and fear of the group. Moreover, in all studies, I demonstrate that the perceived deficit in an immigrant groups' system justification is a robust and reliable predictor of antipathy towards the group.In closing this dissertation (Chapter 8), I discuss the novel contributions made in these series of studies. I also discuss some limitations and potential future directions.
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650 4 $a Experimental psychology. $3 2144733
650 4 $a Political science. $3 528916
650 4 $a Cognitive psychology. $3 523881
653 $a Antipathy
653 $a Ideology
653 $a Immigration
653 $a Prejudice
653 $a System justification
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690 $a 0615
710 2 $a New York University. $b Psychology. $3 1025800
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 85-08A.
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791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2024
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30814115