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Entrepreneurialization of Ethnicity: An Ethnographic Research on Chinese Newcomer Entrepreneurs in Tokyo.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Entrepreneurialization of Ethnicity: An Ethnographic Research on Chinese Newcomer Entrepreneurs in Tokyo./
Author:	Li, Bin.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2022,
Description:	285 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-04A.
Subject:	Socioeconomic factors. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30614148
ISBN:	9798380481229

Entrepreneurialization of Ethnicity: An Ethnographic Research on Chinese Newcomer Entrepreneurs in Tokyo.
Li, Bin.

Entrepreneurialization of Ethnicity: An Ethnographic Research on Chinese Newcomer Entrepreneurs in Tokyo. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2022 - 285 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Freie Universitaet Berlin (Germany), 2022.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

This dissertation aims to answer how Chinese newcomer entrepreneurs in Japan negotiated and recreated ethnicity in their entrepreneurial practices. In this dissertation, Chinese newcomer entrepreneurs are defined as migrants who migrated after the 1980s from mainland China to Japan and established businesses there. Based on the data collected from ethnographic fieldwork in Tokyo in 2018 and 2019, this dissertation identifies three approaches to the question: ethnic networks, ethnic expressions, and sense of belonging.Rather than viewing co-ethnic networks as predisposed social resources that favor their entrepreneurial activities, Chinese newcomer entrepreneurs constantly couple with and decouple from diverse co-ethnic networks in response to their entrepreneurial practices. The dissertation identifies seven types of co-ethnic networks associated with Chinese newcomer entrepreneurs' daily lives and businesses, including family members, fellow provincials, ethnic employees, ethnic customers, formal and informal overseas Chinese associations, as well as entrepreneur cliques. It points out that their entrepreneurial status profoundly influenced the formation and development of the networks, indicating overseas Chinese entrepreneurs' dynamic views of the relationships between entrepreneurship and ethnic ties.Focusing on Ikebukuro, Tokyo, an area known for the concentration of Chinese newcomers and Chinese entrepreneurs, the dissertation highlights that the social and historical context of the local Japanese society restricted but did not decide the Chinese entrepreneurs' ethnic expressions. Due to negative discourses on Chinese newcomers in Ikebukuro and disputes about Ikebukuro's local identity which were triggered by the "Tokyo Chinatown Project," Chinese entrepreneurs must reconsider how to present themselves in the local society. The dissertation identifies that balancing visibility in different social activities has become a common strategy. On the one hand, it enables Chinese newcomer entrepreneurs to meet their commercial needs and to fulfill their desires to present themselves positively. On the other hand, it avoids deteriorating conflicts and facilitates coexistence.As the Chinese newcomers' ethnic identity is replaced by national identity and belonging, the dissertation presents that their entrepreneurial achievements that benefit from China's increasing economic force to a large extent evoke a sense of co-presence, strengthening emotional attachment and belonging to China. However, confronting discrimination against non-Japanese entrepreneurs, many Chinese entrepreneurs chose to change their nationality, which caused emotional discomfort and inconsistency in their self-perception. To reconcile the contradiction, they take a bifocal insight, distinguishing their cultural belonging from citizenship.This dissertation integrates Chinese newcomer entrepreneurs' migrant and entrepreneurial statuses and draws attention to the entrepreneurialization of ethnicity. It enriches the anthropological approach to entrepreneurship research and brings the changes in immigrant entrepreneurs' emotions and mindsets to the fore. Moreover, it provides an additional view of understanding Chinese newcomers' integration into Japanese society.

ISBN: 9798380481229Subjects--Topical Terms:

3435444
Socioeconomic factors.

Entrepreneurialization of Ethnicity: An Ethnographic Research on Chinese Newcomer Entrepreneurs in Tokyo.
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245 1 0 $a Entrepreneurialization of Ethnicity: An Ethnographic Research on Chinese Newcomer Entrepreneurs in Tokyo.
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300 $a 285 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: A.
500 $a Advisor: Rottger-Rossler, Birgitt;Reiher, Cornelia.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Freie Universitaet Berlin (Germany), 2022.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a This dissertation aims to answer how Chinese newcomer entrepreneurs in Japan negotiated and recreated ethnicity in their entrepreneurial practices. In this dissertation, Chinese newcomer entrepreneurs are defined as migrants who migrated after the 1980s from mainland China to Japan and established businesses there. Based on the data collected from ethnographic fieldwork in Tokyo in 2018 and 2019, this dissertation identifies three approaches to the question: ethnic networks, ethnic expressions, and sense of belonging.Rather than viewing co-ethnic networks as predisposed social resources that favor their entrepreneurial activities, Chinese newcomer entrepreneurs constantly couple with and decouple from diverse co-ethnic networks in response to their entrepreneurial practices. The dissertation identifies seven types of co-ethnic networks associated with Chinese newcomer entrepreneurs' daily lives and businesses, including family members, fellow provincials, ethnic employees, ethnic customers, formal and informal overseas Chinese associations, as well as entrepreneur cliques. It points out that their entrepreneurial status profoundly influenced the formation and development of the networks, indicating overseas Chinese entrepreneurs' dynamic views of the relationships between entrepreneurship and ethnic ties.Focusing on Ikebukuro, Tokyo, an area known for the concentration of Chinese newcomers and Chinese entrepreneurs, the dissertation highlights that the social and historical context of the local Japanese society restricted but did not decide the Chinese entrepreneurs' ethnic expressions. Due to negative discourses on Chinese newcomers in Ikebukuro and disputes about Ikebukuro's local identity which were triggered by the "Tokyo Chinatown Project," Chinese entrepreneurs must reconsider how to present themselves in the local society. The dissertation identifies that balancing visibility in different social activities has become a common strategy. On the one hand, it enables Chinese newcomer entrepreneurs to meet their commercial needs and to fulfill their desires to present themselves positively. On the other hand, it avoids deteriorating conflicts and facilitates coexistence.As the Chinese newcomers' ethnic identity is replaced by national identity and belonging, the dissertation presents that their entrepreneurial achievements that benefit from China's increasing economic force to a large extent evoke a sense of co-presence, strengthening emotional attachment and belonging to China. However, confronting discrimination against non-Japanese entrepreneurs, many Chinese entrepreneurs chose to change their nationality, which caused emotional discomfort and inconsistency in their self-perception. To reconcile the contradiction, they take a bifocal insight, distinguishing their cultural belonging from citizenship.This dissertation integrates Chinese newcomer entrepreneurs' migrant and entrepreneurial statuses and draws attention to the entrepreneurialization of ethnicity. It enriches the anthropological approach to entrepreneurship research and brings the changes in immigrant entrepreneurs' emotions and mindsets to the fore. Moreover, it provides an additional view of understanding Chinese newcomers' integration into Japanese society.
520 $a Diese Dissertation zielt darauf ab, zu beantworten, wie chinesische Newcomer-Unternehmer in Japan ethnische Zugehorigkeit in ihren unternehmerischen Aktivitaten verhandelten und neu definierten. In dieser Dissertation werden chinesische Newcomer-Unternehmer als Migranten definiert, die nach den 1980er Jahren vom chinesischen Festland nach Japan migrierten und dort ein Unternehmen grundeten. Basierend auf den in den Jahren 2018 und 2019 in einer ethnografischen Feldstudie gesammelten Daten, identifiziert diese Dissertation drei Herangehensweisen an die Frage: ethnische Netzwerke, ethnische Ausdrucksformen und Zugehorigkeitsgefuhl.Anstatt ethnische Netzwerke als pradisponierte soziale Ressourcen, die der unternehmerischen Aktivitat forderlich sind, zu betrachten, koppeln sich chinesische Newcomer-Unternehmer als Reaktion auf ihre unternehmerischen Aktivitaten standig mit verschiedenen ethnischen Netzwerken und entkoppeln sich von diesen. Die Dissertation identifiziert sieben Arten von ethnischen Netzwerken, die mit dem taglichen Leben und den Geschaften chinesischer Newcomer-Unternehmer verbunden sind: Familienmitglieder, Landsleute aus der Provinz, ethnische Angestellte, ethnische Kunden, formelle und informelle chinesische Vereinigungen im Ausland sowie Unternehmer-Cliquen. Es wird dargelegt, dass ihr Unternehmerstatus die Bildung und Entwicklung der Netzwerke masgeblich beeinflusst hat, was die dynamischen Ansichten der chinesischen Unternehmer uber die Beziehung zwischen Unternehmertum und ethnischen Bindungen zeigt.In der Diskussion uber die Interaktionen zwischen chinesischen NewcomerUnternehmern und der lokalen japanischen Gesellschaft von Ikebukuro hebt die Dissertation hervor, dass der soziale und historische Kontext der lokalen Gesellschaft die ethnischen Ausdrucksformen der chinesischen Unternehmer einschrankte, aber nicht bestimmte. Aufgrund der negativen Diskurse in der Migrationsgeschichte chinesischer Neuankommlinge in Ikebukuro und der durch das "Tokyo Chinatown Project" ausgelosten Auseinandersetzungen um die lokale Identitat mussen chinesische Unternehmer in der Frage, wie sie sich in der lokalen Gesellschaft prasentieren, umdenken. Infolgedessen wurde das Austarieren der Sichtbarkeit bei verschiedenen sozialen Aktivitaten zu einer gemeinsamen Strategie. Einerseits ermoglicht sie ihnen, ihre kommerziellen Bedurfnisse und den Wunsch nach einer positiven Ausendarstellung zu erfullen. Andererseits vermeidet sie eskalierende Konflikte und erleichtert das Zusammenleben.Da die ethnische Identitat chinesischer Neuankommlinge durch nationale Identitat und Zugehorigkeit ersetzt wird, stellt die Dissertation fest, dass ihre unternehmerischen Leistungen, die in hohem Mase von Chinas zunehmender Wirtschaftskraft profitieren, ein Gefuhl der KoPrasenz in dem Heimatland hervorrufen und die emotionale Bindung und Zugehorigkeit zu China starken. Angesichts der Diskriminierung nicht-japanischer Unternehmer entschieden sich jedoch viele chinesische Unternehmer fur einen Wechsel ihrer Nationalitat, was zu Widerspruchlichkeiten in ihrer Selbstwahrnehmung und emotionalem Unbehagen fuhrte. Um den Widerspruch zu versohnen, nehmen sie eine bifokale Sichtweise auf ihre Identitat ein, und unterscheiden ihre kulturelle Zugehorigkeit von ihrer Staatsburgerschaft.Die Dissertation integriert den Migranten- und Unternehmerstatus chinesischer Newcomer-Unternehmer und hebt die Unternehmerisierung der Ethnizitat hervor. Sie bereichert den anthropologischen Ansatz der Entrepreneurship-Forschung und bringt die Veranderungen in den Emotionen und Denkweisen von Unternehmern mit Migrationshintergrund in den Vordergrund. Daruber hinaus bietet sie einen zusatzlichen Blickwinkel auf das Verstandnis der Integration chinesischer Neuankommlinge in die japanische Gesellschaft.
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