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Review of Kudzu Bug (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Plataspidae): A New Invasive Pest in the U.S., Impact of Caterpillar Increased Feeding Rates on Reduction of Bt Susceptibility and Putative Neuropeptides Regulation in Adult Female, Dermacentor Variabilis.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Review of Kudzu Bug (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Plataspidae): A New Invasive Pest in the U.S., Impact of Caterpillar Increased Feeding Rates on Reduction of Bt Susceptibility and Putative Neuropeptides Regulation in Adult Female, Dermacentor Variabilis./
Author:	Dhammi, Anirudh.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2023,
Description:	123 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-04B.
Subject:	Phylogenetics. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30615852
ISBN:	9798380483308

Review of Kudzu Bug (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Plataspidae): A New Invasive Pest in the U.S., Impact of Caterpillar Increased Feeding Rates on Reduction of Bt Susceptibility and Putative Neuropeptides Regulation in Adult Female, Dermacentor Variabilis.
Dhammi, Anirudh.

Review of Kudzu Bug (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Plataspidae): A New Invasive Pest in the U.S., Impact of Caterpillar Increased Feeding Rates on Reduction of Bt Susceptibility and Putative Neuropeptides Regulation in Adult Female, Dermacentor Variabilis. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023 - 123 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-04, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2023.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Soybean is an important food crop, and insect integrated pest management (IPM) is critical to the sustainability of this production system. In recent years, Megacopta cribraria (F.) which is an invasive species into the United States, poses a threat to soybean production. The kudzu bug was first discovered in the state of Georgia, U.S. in 2009 and since then has spread to most of the southeastern states. Since most of knowledge regarding this pest comes from its native habitat, studies have been undertaken to improve our understanding of the kudzu bug basic biology, microbiome, migration patterns, host selection and its management. Adult females deposit bacterial packets with their eggs, and the neonates feed on these packets to acquire the bacteria, Candidatus Ishikawaella capsulate for their survival and development. We review kudzu bug trapping and survey methods, the development of bioassays for insecticide susceptibility, insecticide efficacy, host preferences, impact of the pest on urban environments, population expansion, and the occurrence of natural enemies. The identification of the kudzu bug in the U.S. is not certain and, in our review, we propose M. cribraria in the U.S. is actually Megacopta punctatissima,but more work needed to confirm this hypothesis.Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis protein Cry toxins (Bt) are used to control caterpillars all over the world. A mechanism which can prevent Bt from reaching its target site could result in Bt resistance and resistance to other insecticides. In our study, increased feeding rates (by increasing temperature) in tobacco budworms, Chloridea virescens, and bollworms, Helicoverpa zea, decreased Bt Cry1Ac susceptibility and mortality. Similar results were found in C. virescens for Bollgard II plant extract. Moreover, laboratory reared H.zea that fed faster independent of temperature manipulation were less susceptible to Bt intoxication. Laboratory reared Bt resistant strains of C. virescens and Spodoptera frugiperda,also demonstrated a higher feeding rate on non-Bt artificial diet than the Bt susceptible strain. Our studies and the literature reviewed support the hypothesis that increased feeding rate is a behavioral mechanism for reducing caterpillar susceptibility to Bt. And its possible role in resistance needs to be studied further.Ticks are an important vector of human and animal diseases. Tick control depends on a very narrow range of pesticides which are getting less effective because of the development of pesticide resistance in ticks. Neuropeptides which control vast mechanisms of development and reproduction are understudied but could be used as new target sites for tick control. Molting process is critical in growth and development in insects and is regulated by the neuropeptides, such as corazonin, eclosion hormone, and α and β bursicon. These neuropeptides were found in a synganglion transcriptome from female, adult Demracentor variabilis. In our research the protein sequences of these female adult tick neuropeptides were compared to those appearing in insects to better understand the neuropeptide phylogenic relationships between these two groups. Their relative gene expression was determined by quantitative PCR at the following developmental stages in adult female D. variabilis:(i) 0-24 h after emergence to the adult stage, (ii) host seeking, unfed and not mated, (iii) part-fed, (iv) mated, (v) mated, repletes, and (vi) post drop off with egg laying occurring within 1 d of detachment from host.

ISBN: 9798380483308Subjects--Topical Terms:

3561778
Phylogenetics.

Review of Kudzu Bug (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Plataspidae): A New Invasive Pest in the U.S., Impact of Caterpillar Increased Feeding Rates on Reduction of Bt Susceptibility and Putative Neuropeptides Regulation in Adult Female, Dermacentor Variabilis.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2023.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Soybean is an important food crop, and insect integrated pest management (IPM) is critical to the sustainability of this production system. In recent years, Megacopta cribraria (F.) which is an invasive species into the United States, poses a threat to soybean production. The kudzu bug was first discovered in the state of Georgia, U.S. in 2009 and since then has spread to most of the southeastern states. Since most of knowledge regarding this pest comes from its native habitat, studies have been undertaken to improve our understanding of the kudzu bug basic biology, microbiome, migration patterns, host selection and its management. Adult females deposit bacterial packets with their eggs, and the neonates feed on these packets to acquire the bacteria, Candidatus Ishikawaella capsulate for their survival and development. We review kudzu bug trapping and survey methods, the development of bioassays for insecticide susceptibility, insecticide efficacy, host preferences, impact of the pest on urban environments, population expansion, and the occurrence of natural enemies. The identification of the kudzu bug in the U.S. is not certain and, in our review, we propose M. cribraria in the U.S. is actually Megacopta punctatissima,but more work needed to confirm this hypothesis.Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis protein Cry toxins (Bt) are used to control caterpillars all over the world. A mechanism which can prevent Bt from reaching its target site could result in Bt resistance and resistance to other insecticides. In our study, increased feeding rates (by increasing temperature) in tobacco budworms, Chloridea virescens, and bollworms, Helicoverpa zea, decreased Bt Cry1Ac susceptibility and mortality. Similar results were found in C. virescens for Bollgard II plant extract. Moreover, laboratory reared H.zea that fed faster independent of temperature manipulation were less susceptible to Bt intoxication. Laboratory reared Bt resistant strains of C. virescens and Spodoptera frugiperda,also demonstrated a higher feeding rate on non-Bt artificial diet than the Bt susceptible strain. Our studies and the literature reviewed support the hypothesis that increased feeding rate is a behavioral mechanism for reducing caterpillar susceptibility to Bt. And its possible role in resistance needs to be studied further.Ticks are an important vector of human and animal diseases. Tick control depends on a very narrow range of pesticides which are getting less effective because of the development of pesticide resistance in ticks. Neuropeptides which control vast mechanisms of development and reproduction are understudied but could be used as new target sites for tick control. Molting process is critical in growth and development in insects and is regulated by the neuropeptides, such as corazonin, eclosion hormone, and α and β bursicon. These neuropeptides were found in a synganglion transcriptome from female, adult Demracentor variabilis. In our research the protein sequences of these female adult tick neuropeptides were compared to those appearing in insects to better understand the neuropeptide phylogenic relationships between these two groups. Their relative gene expression was determined by quantitative PCR at the following developmental stages in adult female D. variabilis:(i) 0-24 h after emergence to the adult stage, (ii) host seeking, unfed and not mated, (iii) part-fed, (iv) mated, (v) mated, repletes, and (vi) post drop off with egg laying occurring within 1 d of detachment from host.
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