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The Renewables Driven Intersection of Power Systems and Power Electronics : = Dynamics, Simulation, and Novel Frequency Control.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The Renewables Driven Intersection of Power Systems and Power Electronics :/
Reminder of title:	Dynamics, Simulation, and Novel Frequency Control.
Author:	Kenyon, R. W.
Description:	1 online resource (328 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-04, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-04B.
Subject:	Electrical engineering. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29260988click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798845408396

The Renewables Driven Intersection of Power Systems and Power Electronics : = Dynamics, Simulation, and Novel Frequency Control.
Kenyon, R. W.

The Renewables Driven Intersection of Power Systems and Power Electronics :Dynamics, Simulation, and Novel Frequency Control. - 1 online resource (328 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-04, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Colorado at Boulder, 2022.

Includes bibliographical references

With the steady rise of inverter-based resources (IBRs) on power systems across the globe, due in part to governmental and societal pressures intended to mitigate the impacts of human- caused global warming, but perhaps mostly on account of the arrival of cost-competitiveness of said resources in a world frustratingly dictated primarily by fiscal objectives, power systems are experiencing an operational renaissance. Among the well-known disparities in an IBR rich power system as compared to one dominated by traditional, fossil-fueled synchronous generators (SGs), such as the variability and uncertainty of solar and wind resources and an ostensible lack of dispatchability, are fundamental operating challenges rooted in engineering choices predicated on the prevalence of SGs on the grid. The contemporary power system is one that has been designed around the fundamental dynamics of SGs; rotational kinematics, load variation acceleration, and the dynamic frequency rapidity proportionality to inertia is not a design feature; relatively large fault currents are not a control objective; and relatively minute simulation time steps are irrelevant to the power system impacting times-scales associated with SGs. These foundational attributes of SGs, along with their dominance in power systems over the past century, have resulted in a power system that has been engineered to be simulated and stabilized by directly leveraging the characteristics of these devices. Frequency dynamics, and thus power flow control, are managed with control systems wrapped around the infamous swing equation. Simulation tools are executed with relatively large time steps chosen to capture relevant SG dynamics. IBRs share neither the rotational characteristics nor the generally slower internal dynamics of SGs. Higher shares of IBRs are therefore drawing into focus the bedrock assumptions that have yielded the contemporary power system control, stability, and simulation approaches, and are highlighting the inefficacy of them.The work contained in this dissertation focuses on these aspects of control, stability, and simulation in modern day power systems, in particular when the instantaneous shares of IBRs reach levels that have a substantial impact on contemporary approaches. There are two primary tracks within this work; the first track is contained in Chapter 2 and focuses on the simulation disparities between phasor domain simulation tools, which have historically been applied to SG dominated power systems, and electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation tools, which are generally accepted as having a sufficient granularity to capture the dynamics of IBRs. This track consists of distinct works that include the development of open source grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) inverter models in the EMT domain, an effort to develop and validate a detailed EMT model of the Maui Hawaiian island transmission system, a work that focuses on the impacts of reduced order models and controller gain heterogeneity on the modeled system response, and finally an effort to understand the disparities between power system computer aided design (PSCAD), an EMT simulation tool, and power systems simulator for engineers (PSSE), a phasor domain simulation tool, with a plethora of simulations with validated models in both domains of the Maui power system.The second track focuses on the frequency dynamics of high IBR share power systems, and is split into two chapters. Chapter 3, focuses on the capability to operate a power system with the ubiquitous GFL inverter control, while maintaining a synchronous machine presence only with synchronous condensers, which incur swing dynamics in the frequency response, but have no ability to mitigate load-generation imbalances directly. Two sections constitute this chapter, the first is an investigation into the feasibility of such an operating condition with tests on a small system, while the second analyzes the operation of the validated Maui power system under this particular operating condition. Chapter 4 investigates the frequency dynamics resulting from interactions between droop controlled GFMs and SGs. The first section unpacks the disparate power conversion processes of these devices, and also presents the results of various EMT domain simulations on various networks to tease out the overall damping contribution of these GFM devices on frequency dynamics. The second section introduces the novel Droop-e control, which applies a nonlinear droop gain in the form of an exponential function of device power output to the frequency control of GFM inverters, with yields benefits with increased power delivery and reduced frequency excursion severity. A follow-on novel autonomous power sharing controller is presented that achieves equitable power delivery shortly after the improved transient response. These novel controllers are patent pending.Every section of each chapter constitutes a distinct paper, with the majority published or accepted for publication at the time of this dissertation submission. The appendix consists of the mathematical descriptions of power flow, the dynamical systems of inverters and synchronous generators, and the linearization of these mathematical systems for small signal stability purposes. The author and associated committee members sincerely hope that the reader enjoys and receives informative takeaways from the presentation of this material.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798845408396Subjects--Topical Terms:

649834
Electrical engineering.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Frequency regulationIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

The Renewables Driven Intersection of Power Systems and Power Electronics : = Dynamics, Simulation, and Novel Frequency Control.
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504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a With the steady rise of inverter-based resources (IBRs) on power systems across the globe, due in part to governmental and societal pressures intended to mitigate the impacts of human- caused global warming, but perhaps mostly on account of the arrival of cost-competitiveness of said resources in a world frustratingly dictated primarily by fiscal objectives, power systems are experiencing an operational renaissance. Among the well-known disparities in an IBR rich power system as compared to one dominated by traditional, fossil-fueled synchronous generators (SGs), such as the variability and uncertainty of solar and wind resources and an ostensible lack of dispatchability, are fundamental operating challenges rooted in engineering choices predicated on the prevalence of SGs on the grid. The contemporary power system is one that has been designed around the fundamental dynamics of SGs; rotational kinematics, load variation acceleration, and the dynamic frequency rapidity proportionality to inertia is not a design feature; relatively large fault currents are not a control objective; and relatively minute simulation time steps are irrelevant to the power system impacting times-scales associated with SGs. These foundational attributes of SGs, along with their dominance in power systems over the past century, have resulted in a power system that has been engineered to be simulated and stabilized by directly leveraging the characteristics of these devices. Frequency dynamics, and thus power flow control, are managed with control systems wrapped around the infamous swing equation. Simulation tools are executed with relatively large time steps chosen to capture relevant SG dynamics. IBRs share neither the rotational characteristics nor the generally slower internal dynamics of SGs. Higher shares of IBRs are therefore drawing into focus the bedrock assumptions that have yielded the contemporary power system control, stability, and simulation approaches, and are highlighting the inefficacy of them.The work contained in this dissertation focuses on these aspects of control, stability, and simulation in modern day power systems, in particular when the instantaneous shares of IBRs reach levels that have a substantial impact on contemporary approaches. There are two primary tracks within this work; the first track is contained in Chapter 2 and focuses on the simulation disparities between phasor domain simulation tools, which have historically been applied to SG dominated power systems, and electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation tools, which are generally accepted as having a sufficient granularity to capture the dynamics of IBRs. This track consists of distinct works that include the development of open source grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) inverter models in the EMT domain, an effort to develop and validate a detailed EMT model of the Maui Hawaiian island transmission system, a work that focuses on the impacts of reduced order models and controller gain heterogeneity on the modeled system response, and finally an effort to understand the disparities between power system computer aided design (PSCAD), an EMT simulation tool, and power systems simulator for engineers (PSSE), a phasor domain simulation tool, with a plethora of simulations with validated models in both domains of the Maui power system.The second track focuses on the frequency dynamics of high IBR share power systems, and is split into two chapters. Chapter 3, focuses on the capability to operate a power system with the ubiquitous GFL inverter control, while maintaining a synchronous machine presence only with synchronous condensers, which incur swing dynamics in the frequency response, but have no ability to mitigate load-generation imbalances directly. Two sections constitute this chapter, the first is an investigation into the feasibility of such an operating condition with tests on a small system, while the second analyzes the operation of the validated Maui power system under this particular operating condition. Chapter 4 investigates the frequency dynamics resulting from interactions between droop controlled GFMs and SGs. The first section unpacks the disparate power conversion processes of these devices, and also presents the results of various EMT domain simulations on various networks to tease out the overall damping contribution of these GFM devices on frequency dynamics. The second section introduces the novel Droop-e control, which applies a nonlinear droop gain in the form of an exponential function of device power output to the frequency control of GFM inverters, with yields benefits with increased power delivery and reduced frequency excursion severity. A follow-on novel autonomous power sharing controller is presented that achieves equitable power delivery shortly after the improved transient response. These novel controllers are patent pending.Every section of each chapter constitutes a distinct paper, with the majority published or accepted for publication at the time of this dissertation submission. The appendix consists of the mathematical descriptions of power flow, the dynamical systems of inverters and synchronous generators, and the linearization of these mathematical systems for small signal stability purposes. The author and associated committee members sincerely hope that the reader enjoys and receives informative takeaways from the presentation of this material.
533 $a Electronic reproduction. $b Ann Arbor, Mich. : $c ProQuest, $d 2023
538 $a Mode of access: World Wide Web
650 4 $a Electrical engineering. $3 649834
650 4 $a Energy. $3 876794
650 4 $a Alternative energy. $3 3436775
653 $a Frequency regulation
653 $a Grid-forming inverters
653 $a Power electronics
653 $a Power system dynamics
653 $a Power system simulation
653 $a Renewable energy
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690 $a 0791
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710 2 $a ProQuest Information and Learning Co. $3 783688
710 2 $a University of Colorado at Boulder. $b Electrical Engineering. $3 1025672
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 84-04B.
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29260988 $z click for full text (PQDT)