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The Presence of Plasticizers, Bisphenols, and Flame Retardants in Potable Water and their Removal Through Conventional Drinking Water Treatment.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	The Presence of Plasticizers, Bisphenols, and Flame Retardants in Potable Water and their Removal Through Conventional Drinking Water Treatment./
作者:	Struzina, Leena.
面頁冊數:	1 online resource (109 pages)
附註:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 84-02.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International84-02.
標題:	Collaboration. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29274334click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798841568957

The Presence of Plasticizers, Bisphenols, and Flame Retardants in Potable Water and their Removal Through Conventional Drinking Water Treatment.
Struzina, Leena.

The Presence of Plasticizers, Bisphenols, and Flame Retardants in Potable Water and their Removal Through Conventional Drinking Water Treatment. - 1 online resource (109 pages)

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 84-02.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--McGill University (Canada), 2022.

Includes bibliographical references

Humans are regularly exposed to a wide array of chemicals everyday through consumer products. Certain bisphenols, plasticizers, and flame retardants are receiving growing attention as they have recently been classified as proven or potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Governments around the world have implemented regulations regarding the production and importation of certain EDCs, such as bisphenol A (BPA), and this has led to the development of replacement chemicals. Unfortunately, these replacement chemicals are not always thoroughly tested for low-dose or long-term toxicity. Contaminated potable water, which can be caused by contaminated water sources, insufficient water treatment technologies, or contaminated piping and packaging, is one route of human exposure to flame retardants, bisphenols, and plasticizers. The present Master's thesis quantified 39 contaminants including flame retardants, bisphenols, and plasticizers in potable water from Montreal and South Africa, and assessed the removal of these contaminants through a conventional drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). Human exposure to contaminants through potable water was assessed, which included five bottled water (BW) brands and three DWTPs in Montreal, and water from one urban DWTP located in Pretoria, and one rural DWTP located in Vhembe, along with water from the same DWTP which had been stored in small and large plastic containers in a rural area. A combination of legacy compounds, typically with proven toxic effects, and replacement compounds were investigated. Lower brominated PBDEs were detected more frequently than higher brominated PBDEs, always at low concentrations < 2 ng/L, and total PBDE levels were statistically higher in South Africa than in Montreal. Replacement flame retardants, organophosphate esters (OPEs), were detected at statistically higher concentrations in Montreal's BW (68.6 ng/L), drinking water (DW) (421.5 ng/L) and in Vhembe (198.3 ng/L) than legacy PBDEs. Total OPE concentrations did not demonstrate any geographical trend; however levels were statistically higher in Montreal's DW than Montreal's BW. Plasticizers were frequently detected in all samples, with legacy compounds DEHP, DBP, and replacement DINCH being detected in 100% of samples with average concentrations ranging from 6.8 ng/L for DEHP in Pretoria to 175 ng/L for DINCH in Montreal's DW. Total plasticizer concentrations were higher in Montreal than in South Africa. The replacement plasticizers (DINCH, DINP, DIDA, and DEHA) were detected at similar frequencies and concentrations as legacy plasticizers (DEHP, DEP, DBP) and known toxic metabolite (MEHP). The removal of these contaminants through conventional drinking water treatment was assessed in a DWTP in Montreal. The DWTP chosen utilized filtration, ultraviolet (UV) treatment, and chlorination, and 24h-composite daily sampling was performed between each treatment step over a three-day period. PBDEs, considered legacy flame retardants, were infrequently detected or at concentrations < 1 ng/L. Removal efficiencies for ∑7PBDEs was 48.5 and 94.1% on days 2 and 3, respectively, with BDE-183 and BDE-154 only detected in raw water. OPEs, considered replacement flame retardants, were frequently detected in all water samples. The total average concentration of ∑15OPEs was 500 ng/L in raw water and 159 ng/L in drinking water, with an average removal efficiency of 65.8%. The majority of OPE removal was attributed to filtration, which had significant removal of TCIPP (75.9%), TDCIPP (83.6%), and TPHP (94.5%). OPEs proved to be more persistent through drinking water treatment than legacy PBDEs as they were detected at higher frequencies and concentrations throughout the DWTP. While conventional drinking water treatment methods have demonstrated some removal of flame retardants, contributing to mitigating exposure to these contaminants, flame retardants are still present at concentrations in the ng/L range Attention should be drawn to the potential health risks from the mixtures of flame retardants, plasticizers, and bisphenols found in potable water. The concentrations of target analytes found in potable water in this research should be combined with toxicological data for each component to accurately assess the health risk from the mixture of chemicals detected. Additionally, comprehensive toxicological investigations on the human health impact of replacement chemicals should be conducted considering that some of these compounds, such as OPEs, are consistently being detected in potable water throughout the world.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798841568957Subjects--Topical Terms:

3556296
Collaboration.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

The Presence of Plasticizers, Bisphenols, and Flame Retardants in Potable Water and their Removal Through Conventional Drinking Water Treatment.
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500 $a Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 84-02.
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504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Humans are regularly exposed to a wide array of chemicals everyday through consumer products. Certain bisphenols, plasticizers, and flame retardants are receiving growing attention as they have recently been classified as proven or potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Governments around the world have implemented regulations regarding the production and importation of certain EDCs, such as bisphenol A (BPA), and this has led to the development of replacement chemicals. Unfortunately, these replacement chemicals are not always thoroughly tested for low-dose or long-term toxicity. Contaminated potable water, which can be caused by contaminated water sources, insufficient water treatment technologies, or contaminated piping and packaging, is one route of human exposure to flame retardants, bisphenols, and plasticizers. The present Master's thesis quantified 39 contaminants including flame retardants, bisphenols, and plasticizers in potable water from Montreal and South Africa, and assessed the removal of these contaminants through a conventional drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). Human exposure to contaminants through potable water was assessed, which included five bottled water (BW) brands and three DWTPs in Montreal, and water from one urban DWTP located in Pretoria, and one rural DWTP located in Vhembe, along with water from the same DWTP which had been stored in small and large plastic containers in a rural area. A combination of legacy compounds, typically with proven toxic effects, and replacement compounds were investigated. Lower brominated PBDEs were detected more frequently than higher brominated PBDEs, always at low concentrations < 2 ng/L, and total PBDE levels were statistically higher in South Africa than in Montreal. Replacement flame retardants, organophosphate esters (OPEs), were detected at statistically higher concentrations in Montreal's BW (68.6 ng/L), drinking water (DW) (421.5 ng/L) and in Vhembe (198.3 ng/L) than legacy PBDEs. Total OPE concentrations did not demonstrate any geographical trend; however levels were statistically higher in Montreal's DW than Montreal's BW. Plasticizers were frequently detected in all samples, with legacy compounds DEHP, DBP, and replacement DINCH being detected in 100% of samples with average concentrations ranging from 6.8 ng/L for DEHP in Pretoria to 175 ng/L for DINCH in Montreal's DW. Total plasticizer concentrations were higher in Montreal than in South Africa. The replacement plasticizers (DINCH, DINP, DIDA, and DEHA) were detected at similar frequencies and concentrations as legacy plasticizers (DEHP, DEP, DBP) and known toxic metabolite (MEHP). The removal of these contaminants through conventional drinking water treatment was assessed in a DWTP in Montreal. The DWTP chosen utilized filtration, ultraviolet (UV) treatment, and chlorination, and 24h-composite daily sampling was performed between each treatment step over a three-day period. PBDEs, considered legacy flame retardants, were infrequently detected or at concentrations < 1 ng/L. Removal efficiencies for ∑7PBDEs was 48.5 and 94.1% on days 2 and 3, respectively, with BDE-183 and BDE-154 only detected in raw water. OPEs, considered replacement flame retardants, were frequently detected in all water samples. The total average concentration of ∑15OPEs was 500 ng/L in raw water and 159 ng/L in drinking water, with an average removal efficiency of 65.8%. The majority of OPE removal was attributed to filtration, which had significant removal of TCIPP (75.9%), TDCIPP (83.6%), and TPHP (94.5%). OPEs proved to be more persistent through drinking water treatment than legacy PBDEs as they were detected at higher frequencies and concentrations throughout the DWTP. While conventional drinking water treatment methods have demonstrated some removal of flame retardants, contributing to mitigating exposure to these contaminants, flame retardants are still present at concentrations in the ng/L range Attention should be drawn to the potential health risks from the mixtures of flame retardants, plasticizers, and bisphenols found in potable water. The concentrations of target analytes found in potable water in this research should be combined with toxicological data for each component to accurately assess the health risk from the mixture of chemicals detected. Additionally, comprehensive toxicological investigations on the human health impact of replacement chemicals should be conducted considering that some of these compounds, such as OPEs, are consistently being detected in potable water throughout the world.
520 $a Les humains sont regulierement exposes a un large eventail de produits chimiques par l'entremise de produits de consommation. Bon nombre de ces produits chimiques sont presents a de tres faibles concentrations et ne presentent pas de risque important pour la sante. Cependant, certains produits ont le potentiel de causer des effets nefastes sur la sante, meme a de faibles concentrations. Certains bisphenols, plastifiants et retardateurs de flamme font l'objet d'une attention croissante car ils ont recemment ete classes comme perturbateurs endocriniens (PE) averes ou potentiels, ce qui signifie qu'ils imitent les hormones du corps humain et peuvent etre associes a une alteration de la reproduction chez les males et les femelles, a des schemas anormaux de croissance et des retards neurodeveloppementaux chez les enfants. Plusieurs gouvernements a travers le monde ont mis en place des reglementations concernant la production et l'importation de certains perturbateurs endocriniens, tels que le bisphenol A (BPA), ce qui a conduit au developpement de produits chimiques alternatifs. Malheureusement, ces produits de remplacement ne sont pas toujours soigneusement testes avant leur mise en marche pour leur toxicite a faible dose ou a long terme. L'eau potable contaminee, qui peut etre due a des sources d'eau contaminees, des technologies de traitement de l'eau insuffisantes ou des canalisations et des emballages contamines, est une voie potentielle d'exposition humaine aux retardateurs de flamme, aux bisphenols et aux plastifiants.Le present memoire de maitrise presente la quantification de 39 contaminants, y compris des retardateurs de flamme, des bisphenols et des plastifiants dans l'eau potable de Montreal (Canada) et de Pretoria et Vhembe (Afrique du Sud), et l'elimination de ces contaminants lors d'un traitement d'eau potable (DWTP) conventionnel. La presence des contaminants dans l'eau potable a ete quantifiees dans cinq marques d'eau embouteillee (BW) et trois stations d'epuration a Montreal, ainsi que dans l'eau d'une station de traitement urbaine situee a Pretoria et d'une station de traitement rurale situee a Vhembe. L'analyse inclut egalement l'eau de la meme station de traitement de Vhembe qui avait ete stockee dans des petits et grands conteneurs en plastique dans une zone rurale. Les composes cibles comportaient des composes utilises depuis plusieurs annees, ayant generalement des effets negatifs prouves, et de composes de remplacement peu etudie jusqu'a maintenant.Les bisphenols, DEC-602, DEC-603 et s-DP n'ont ete detectes dans aucun echantillon d'eau, et l'aDP n'a ete detecte que dans un echantillon de Pretoria a une concentration de 1,09 ng/L. Les PBDE moins bromes ont ete detectes plus frequemment que les PBDE plus bromes, toujours a de faibles concentrations < 2 ng/L, et les niveaux de PBDE totaux etaient statistiquement plus eleves en Afrique du Sud qu'a Montreal. Les produits ignifuges de remplacement, les esters organophosphores (OPE), ont ete detectes a des concentrations statistiquement plus elevees dans le BW de Montreal (68,6 ng/L), l'eau potable (DW) (421,5 ng/L) et a Vhembe (198,3 ng/L) que les anciens PBDE. Les concentrations totales d'OPE n'ont demontre aucune tendance geographique; cependant, les niveaux etaient statistiquement plus eleves dans le DW de Montreal que dans le BW de Montreal.
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