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Conceptualisations of Death, Illness, And the Body in Chinese Euphemisms : = A Survey of Sensitive Vocabulary in Modern Chinese Lexicography.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Conceptualisations of Death, Illness, And the Body in Chinese Euphemisms :/
Reminder of title:	A Survey of Sensitive Vocabulary in Modern Chinese Lexicography.
Author:	Akimov, Yaroslav.
Description:	1 online resource (384 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-04, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-04A.
Subject:	Linguistics. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29405080click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798352648759

Conceptualisations of Death, Illness, And the Body in Chinese Euphemisms : = A Survey of Sensitive Vocabulary in Modern Chinese Lexicography.
Akimov, Yaroslav.

Conceptualisations of Death, Illness, And the Body in Chinese Euphemisms :A Survey of Sensitive Vocabulary in Modern Chinese Lexicography. - 1 online resource (384 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-04, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Freie Universitaet Berlin (Germany), 2022.

Includes bibliographical references

1.1 Euphemisms in Chinese as a challenging object of linguistic studiesThe increasing body of linguistic research on taboo-related phenomena indicates a significant change in what can constitute a "proper" object of scholarly attention: taboo words and expressions, slurs and insults, verbal aggression, euphemism and dysphemism, and political correctness and hate speech have left the periphery of language science (Jay, 2000; Allan & Burridge, 2006; Christie, 2013; Meibauer 2013; Koo & Rhee 2016; Pizarro Pedraza, 2018b; Crespo-Fernandez, 2018; Stollznow 2020; Guillen-Nieto, 2022). Two possible factors that defined a certain underrepresentation of these problems in linguistic studies have been pointed out by A. Pizarro Pedraza (2018b, p. 2): "the extralinguistic difficulty motivated by the social stigmatization of the phenomenon, and the linguistic difficulty based on its inherent complexity." Whereas the former circumstance has been partially overcome in the academic community, the latter problem remains salient todayWhat is meant by "euphemism," "euphemistic paraphrase," "genteelism," "evasive expression," "mild expression," "avoidance language," or "inoffensive language" seems to remain a terminological labyrinth. On the one hand, euphemisms have been positively defined as substitutions of direct, disagreeable, "unpleasant or embarrassing" words "motivated by the desire not to offend" (Stollznow, 2020, p. 8). At the same time, they belong to "the language of evasion, of hypocrisy, of prudery, and of deceit" (Holder, 2003, p. viii). While euphemism is claimed to be "the set of communicative strategies we have evolved to refer to a topic under a taboo" (Ayto, 2007, p. 5), K. Allan and K. Burridge (1991, p. 3) object, arguing that "euphemism and dysphemism are not merely a response to taboo," but an attempt to avoid a "distasteful expression and/or an infelicitous style of addressing or naming." The contextualization of research on "vague," "mild," "periphrastic" language within various linguistic disciplines has not been unambiguously solved; however, works in the field of (lexical) semantics (Linfoot-Ham, 2005, Allan & Burridge, 2006; Tokar, 2015) and practical lexicography (Richter, 1993; Williams, 2001; Veisbergs, 2002; Cloete 2013) appear to be the most productive, particularly when scholars analyse numerous metaphors and metonymies for death (Horn, 2018; Terry, 2020) or sexual desire (Csabi, 1999). Euphemisms in the present project are also considered primarily linguistic phenomena: though closely related to social conventions and practices, euphemistic expressions are, in the first instance, lexical and phrasal units. Thus, euphemisms constitute a research object based in lexical semantics, overlapping with studies of connotation and expressive meaning. Euphemistic meanings of expressions in particular utterances hinge on contextual parameters, including the specific features of the communicants, the type of relationship between them, their age, social status, and mood, as well as the time, place, and particular circumstances of communication.The problem of definition and identification of euphemistic expressions becomes even more intricate when the relatively little-studied material of Chinese sensitive vocabulary falls within the purview of scholars. Despite widespread attempts to translate "euphemism" with the term weiwanyu 委婉语 (NCD, 2006; OCD, 2010), during the initial stage of work on this project, the non-equivalence of these concepts was established. Apart from words substituting direct names for taboo entities related to death, afterlife, funerals and burials, sex and sex organs, disease, bodily functions, misfortunes, war, crime, imprisonment, body weight, appearance, height, inebriation, abortion, unemployment, etc. (Ge, 2011, p. 111; He, 2016, p. 380), scholars of 'tactful language' weiwanyuyan 委婉语言 define as "tactful" various terms for marriage, family relationships, pregnancy, character traits, income, and money (Zhang, 1996, pp. 159-232). Moreover, same terms are deployed in cases of humble requests for favours, polite rejections, hedging, unpopular expressions of judgement, etc. (Zhu, 2018, pp. 10-11).

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798352648759Subjects--Topical Terms:

524476
Linguistics.
Index Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

Conceptualisations of Death, Illness, And the Body in Chinese Euphemisms : = A Survey of Sensitive Vocabulary in Modern Chinese Lexicography.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-04, Section: A.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Freie Universitaet Berlin (Germany), 2022.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a 1.1 Euphemisms in Chinese as a challenging object of linguistic studiesThe increasing body of linguistic research on taboo-related phenomena indicates a significant change in what can constitute a "proper" object of scholarly attention: taboo words and expressions, slurs and insults, verbal aggression, euphemism and dysphemism, and political correctness and hate speech have left the periphery of language science (Jay, 2000; Allan & Burridge, 2006; Christie, 2013; Meibauer 2013; Koo & Rhee 2016; Pizarro Pedraza, 2018b; Crespo-Fernandez, 2018; Stollznow 2020; Guillen-Nieto, 2022). Two possible factors that defined a certain underrepresentation of these problems in linguistic studies have been pointed out by A. Pizarro Pedraza (2018b, p. 2): "the extralinguistic difficulty motivated by the social stigmatization of the phenomenon, and the linguistic difficulty based on its inherent complexity." Whereas the former circumstance has been partially overcome in the academic community, the latter problem remains salient todayWhat is meant by "euphemism," "euphemistic paraphrase," "genteelism," "evasive expression," "mild expression," "avoidance language," or "inoffensive language" seems to remain a terminological labyrinth. On the one hand, euphemisms have been positively defined as substitutions of direct, disagreeable, "unpleasant or embarrassing" words "motivated by the desire not to offend" (Stollznow, 2020, p. 8). At the same time, they belong to "the language of evasion, of hypocrisy, of prudery, and of deceit" (Holder, 2003, p. viii). While euphemism is claimed to be "the set of communicative strategies we have evolved to refer to a topic under a taboo" (Ayto, 2007, p. 5), K. Allan and K. Burridge (1991, p. 3) object, arguing that "euphemism and dysphemism are not merely a response to taboo," but an attempt to avoid a "distasteful expression and/or an infelicitous style of addressing or naming." The contextualization of research on "vague," "mild," "periphrastic" language within various linguistic disciplines has not been unambiguously solved; however, works in the field of (lexical) semantics (Linfoot-Ham, 2005, Allan & Burridge, 2006; Tokar, 2015) and practical lexicography (Richter, 1993; Williams, 2001; Veisbergs, 2002; Cloete 2013) appear to be the most productive, particularly when scholars analyse numerous metaphors and metonymies for death (Horn, 2018; Terry, 2020) or sexual desire (Csabi, 1999). Euphemisms in the present project are also considered primarily linguistic phenomena: though closely related to social conventions and practices, euphemistic expressions are, in the first instance, lexical and phrasal units. Thus, euphemisms constitute a research object based in lexical semantics, overlapping with studies of connotation and expressive meaning. Euphemistic meanings of expressions in particular utterances hinge on contextual parameters, including the specific features of the communicants, the type of relationship between them, their age, social status, and mood, as well as the time, place, and particular circumstances of communication.The problem of definition and identification of euphemistic expressions becomes even more intricate when the relatively little-studied material of Chinese sensitive vocabulary falls within the purview of scholars. Despite widespread attempts to translate "euphemism" with the term weiwanyu 委婉语 (NCD, 2006; OCD, 2010), during the initial stage of work on this project, the non-equivalence of these concepts was established. Apart from words substituting direct names for taboo entities related to death, afterlife, funerals and burials, sex and sex organs, disease, bodily functions, misfortunes, war, crime, imprisonment, body weight, appearance, height, inebriation, abortion, unemployment, etc. (Ge, 2011, p. 111; He, 2016, p. 380), scholars of 'tactful language' weiwanyuyan 委婉语言 define as "tactful" various terms for marriage, family relationships, pregnancy, character traits, income, and money (Zhang, 1996, pp. 159-232). Moreover, same terms are deployed in cases of humble requests for favours, polite rejections, hedging, unpopular expressions of judgement, etc. (Zhu, 2018, pp. 10-11).
520 $a Das Projekt zu konventionellen chinesischen Euphemismen soll einen Beitrag zur universellen Typologie euphemistischer Ausdrucke leisten. Da Chinesisch in seinen typologischen Merkmalen stark von den Sprachen abweicht, in denen traditionell lexikologische Studien durchgefuhrt werden, kann die Einbeziehung sprachlicher Belege fur Mandarin in die allgemeine Diskussion uber Euphemismen das Verstandnis dafur verbessern, wie Sprachen mit tabuisierten Phanomenen umgehen. Die vorliegende Studie ubernimmt ihren theoretischen Rahmen von der kognitiven Semantik, behandelt Euphemisierung und Dysphemisierung als Konzeptualisierungsprozesse (Casas Gomez, 2009; Pizarro Pedraza, 2018) und konzentriert sich auf die semantischen Mittel der Bildung von Euphemismen (Warren, 1992; Linfoot-Ham, 2005), vor allem metaphorische und metonymische Erweiterungen. Nach K. Allan und K. Burridge (1991; 2006) wird euphemistische Auslegung (ausschlieslich harmlose, hofliche, indirekte Ausdrucke) als eine der Moglichkeiten angesehen, ein sensibles Thema anzusprechen, im Gegensatz zu Dysphemismus (ausschlieslich beleidigende, unhofliche, direkte Ausdrucke) und Orthophemismus (im Allgemeinen harmlose, moglichst neutrale, direkte Ausdrucke). Euphemismen in Bezug auf drei Hauptdomanen Tod (Sterben und Verstorbene, Beerdigungen und Begrabnisse, Leben nach dem Tod, Alter und Altern), Krankheit (Korperliche und geistige Krankheiten, korperliche und geistige Behinderungen) und Korper (Sex und sexuelles Verlangen, Nichtehelicher Sex, Genitalien und andere Korperteile, Prostitution, Ausscheidung, Menstruation) bilden den Kern des vorliegenden Projekts. Um das entsprechende Sprachmaterial zu sammeln und zu bewerten, wurde mittels qualitativer Analyse bestehender allgemeiner und spezialisierter einsprachiger chinesischer lexikographischer Werke eine kommentierte Datenbank mit 1560 euphemistischen Ausdrucken zu diesen Domanen zusammengestellt. Dabei werden Ansatze der anglophonen funktionalen und kognitiven Linguistik den Ansichten chinesischer Lexikographen sowie Stil- und Wortschatzforscher kritisch gegenubergestellt. Der chinesische Terminus weiwanyu委婉语 "taktvoller / gewundener Ausdruck" fur eine sprachliche Reaktion auf tabuisierte, unangenehme oder peinliche Realitaten zeigt dabei die groste Ahnlichkeit mit "Euphemismus", wobei diese weiwanyu委婉语 als Begriff in der chinesischen Lexikographie in viel breiterem Sinne behandelt wird als " Euphemismus" in der entsprechenden westlichen Lexikographie. Basierend auf einer Analyse formaler und semantischer Mechanismen der Bildung von Euphemismen, die anhand der gesammelten Daten uberpruft wurden, wurde es moglich, signifikante Merkmale chinesischer Euphemismen im breiteren Kontext einer globalen Sprachwissenschaft festzustellen. Die Studie zeigt, dass die grose Mehrheit der chinesischen konventionellen Euphemismen fur Tod, Krankheit und Korper entweder Metaphern, Metonymien oder Produkte sowohl metaphorischer als auch metonymischer Erweiterung sind. Nur sehr wenige der gefundenen Euphemismen sind mit rein formalen Mitteln konstruiert. Diese sind typischerweise jungere Ausdrucke, die mit der Internetsprache bzw. digitaler Kommunikation verbunden sind und aufgrund ihrer lexikalischen Instabilitat keine lexikografische Behandlung erfahren haben. Schlieslich zeigen die Ergebnisse auch, dass die Konzeptualisierung der Metaphern und Metonymien, die den chinesischen Euphemismen fur Tod, Krankheit und Korper zugrunde liegen, ihren englischen, deutschen oder russischen Gegenstucken auffallend ahnlich oder sogar identisch ist, auch wenn sich ihre sprachliche Manifestation erheblich von den europaischen Sprachen unterscheidet. Allan, K. & Burridge, K. (2006). Forbidden Words. Taboo and the Censoring of Language. Cambridge University Press. Allan, K., & Burridge, K. (1991). Euphemism and Dysphemism. Language Used As Shield and Weapon. Oxford University Press. Casas Gomez, M. (2009). Towards a New Approach to The Linguistic Definition of Euphemism. Language Sciences, 31 (6), 725-739. Linfoot-Ham, K. (2005). The linguistics of euphemism: A diachronic study of euphemism formation. Journal of Language and Linguistics, 4 (2), 227-263. Pizarro Pedraza, A. (Ed.) (2018). Linguistic Taboo Revisited: Novel Insights from Cognitive Perspectives. Mouton de Gruyter. Warren, B. (1992). What euphemisms tell us about the interpretation of words. Studia Linguistica 46 (2), 128-172.
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