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Exploring the Biocontrol Potential of Streptomyces Isolates against Pythium violae, a Dominant Carrot Pathogen.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Exploring the Biocontrol Potential of Streptomyces Isolates against Pythium violae, a Dominant Carrot Pathogen./
Author:	Chaudhry, Misbah J.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2021,
Description:	115 p.
Notes:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 82-12.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International82-12.
Subject:	Microbiology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28492104
ISBN:	9798515271091

Exploring the Biocontrol Potential of Streptomyces Isolates against Pythium violae, a Dominant Carrot Pathogen.
Chaudhry, Misbah J.

Exploring the Biocontrol Potential of Streptomyces Isolates against Pythium violae, a Dominant Carrot Pathogen. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021 - 115 p.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 82-12.

Thesis (M.S.)--California State University, Bakersfield, 2021.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

The United States is among the largest carrot (Daucus carota) producing countries in the world and California ranks first with a production of over 85% of all carrots grown in the US. Carrot cavity spot is a common disease of carrots worldwide, which reduces the carrot quality causing significant economic losses for the growers. In Kern County, California, the disease is mainly caused by the fungal-like, plant pathogenic oomycete, Pythium violae. The disease is difficult to manage because current chemical control is becoming unreliable due to microbial degradation and increased resistance of the pathogens. Hence, a biocontrol organism that naturally inhibits the pathogen would provide a solution and reduce the need for harmful anti-oomycete chemicals. Streptomyces is one of the dominant bacterial genera in soil with over 500 species. It is renowned for the production of an exceptional arsenal of natural products with important agricultural, medical, and biotechnological applications, including antimicrobial products.Oomycetes were isolated from typical cavity spot lesions on diseased carrot tissue collected from the Bakersfield area and were identified via amplification and sequence analysis of two fingerprint regions coding for the cytochrome C oxidase subunit 2 (cox2) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Pathogenicity of the isolated strains was confirmed through a root inoculation test and a soil assay. In addition to isolating P. violae strains, two P. spinosum strains were shown to cause cavity spot lesions. This is the first time that this Pythium species is linked to carrot cavity spot. Out of a collection of 153 previously isolated Streptomyces strains obtained from diverse soils in Kern County, CA four isolates were obtained that were able to strongly inhibit the growth of P. violae strains in vitro indicating their potential as biocontrol agents. These strong inhibitors were identified as Streptomyces spectabilis, Streptomyces chartreusis, Streptomyces cavourensis, and either Streptomyces tuirus or Streptomyces hawaiiensis via amplification and multilocus sequence analysis of five housekeeping genes including 16S rRNA, atpD, recA, rpoB, and trpB. The target range of these Streptomyces species was explored by testing them against other isolated oomycete and fungal pathogens including Pythium spinosum, Phytopythium helicoides, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium falciforme, Fusarium solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. These species showed a strong antagonistic effect against most of these pathogens. The selected strong Streptomyces inhibitors will enable us to put forward a sustainable approach for control of cavity spot as well as other important carrot diseases.

ISBN: 9798515271091Subjects--Topical Terms:

536250
Microbiology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Antibiosis

Exploring the Biocontrol Potential of Streptomyces Isolates against Pythium violae, a Dominant Carrot Pathogen.
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500 $a Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 82-12.
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520 $a The United States is among the largest carrot (Daucus carota) producing countries in the world and California ranks first with a production of over 85% of all carrots grown in the US. Carrot cavity spot is a common disease of carrots worldwide, which reduces the carrot quality causing significant economic losses for the growers. In Kern County, California, the disease is mainly caused by the fungal-like, plant pathogenic oomycete, Pythium violae. The disease is difficult to manage because current chemical control is becoming unreliable due to microbial degradation and increased resistance of the pathogens. Hence, a biocontrol organism that naturally inhibits the pathogen would provide a solution and reduce the need for harmful anti-oomycete chemicals. Streptomyces is one of the dominant bacterial genera in soil with over 500 species. It is renowned for the production of an exceptional arsenal of natural products with important agricultural, medical, and biotechnological applications, including antimicrobial products.Oomycetes were isolated from typical cavity spot lesions on diseased carrot tissue collected from the Bakersfield area and were identified via amplification and sequence analysis of two fingerprint regions coding for the cytochrome C oxidase subunit 2 (cox2) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Pathogenicity of the isolated strains was confirmed through a root inoculation test and a soil assay. In addition to isolating P. violae strains, two P. spinosum strains were shown to cause cavity spot lesions. This is the first time that this Pythium species is linked to carrot cavity spot. Out of a collection of 153 previously isolated Streptomyces strains obtained from diverse soils in Kern County, CA four isolates were obtained that were able to strongly inhibit the growth of P. violae strains in vitro indicating their potential as biocontrol agents. These strong inhibitors were identified as Streptomyces spectabilis, Streptomyces chartreusis, Streptomyces cavourensis, and either Streptomyces tuirus or Streptomyces hawaiiensis via amplification and multilocus sequence analysis of five housekeeping genes including 16S rRNA, atpD, recA, rpoB, and trpB. The target range of these Streptomyces species was explored by testing them against other isolated oomycete and fungal pathogens including Pythium spinosum, Phytopythium helicoides, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium falciforme, Fusarium solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. These species showed a strong antagonistic effect against most of these pathogens. The selected strong Streptomyces inhibitors will enable us to put forward a sustainable approach for control of cavity spot as well as other important carrot diseases.
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