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Toxicity of Urban Particulate Matter...

Lovett, Christopher David.

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Toxicity of Urban Particulate Matter: Long-term Health Risks, Influences of Surrounding Geography, and Diurnal Variation in Chemical Composition and the Cellular Oxidative Stress Response.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Toxicity of Urban Particulate Matter: Long-term Health Risks, Influences of Surrounding Geography, and Diurnal Variation in Chemical Composition and the Cellular Oxidative Stress Response./
Author:	Lovett, Christopher David.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
Description:	130 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-07, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International80-07B.
Subject:	Molecular biology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10975579
ISBN:	9780438803664

Toxicity of Urban Particulate Matter: Long-term Health Risks, Influences of Surrounding Geography, and Diurnal Variation in Chemical Composition and the Cellular Oxidative Stress Response.
Lovett, Christopher David.

Toxicity of Urban Particulate Matter: Long-term Health Risks, Influences of Surrounding Geography, and Diurnal Variation in Chemical Composition and the Cellular Oxidative Stress Response. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 130 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-07, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Southern California, 2018.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Particulate matter (PM) is perhaps the most ubiquitous form of air pollution affecting urban populations in the world today. With the adverse health outcomes and accompanying deaths due to PM exposures on the rise every year, the need to better understand PM, its toxicity, and possible mitigation strategies has never been more urgent, especially in large urban centers such as Los Angeles, California. Much of the research in this dissertation examines one common measure of PM toxicity, cellular oxidative stress, which has been linked to several health problems, ranging from cardiovascular disease and respiratory distress to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Various factors that may reduce or exacerbate this toxicity, including photochemical oxidation and regional geographic and meteorological influences are also examined. Additionally, the long-term health risks, such as cancer and non-cancerous organ and tissue damage, posed to Los Angeles commuters facing daily exposures to airborne particulate matter are calculated based on measurements of PM composition and concentration made along the most common commuter routes. The research findings presented in this dissertation provide further evidence that PM composition and its health effects mediated by oxidative stress are highly complex and susceptible to the influence of several factors, including geographical context, specific source domains, and time of day. While secondary PM that has undergone photochemical oxidation reactions generally has been found to induce a larger proinflammatory response than freshly emitted primary PM, this effect is highly dependent on the dominant species present in PM at any given time and location, and sometimes the reverse may be true. For example, primary motor vehicle emissions, which are dominant in the urban atmosphere near freeways, contain large amounts of redox-active transition metals such as copper and nickel, as well as water-insoluble organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Based on the research findings presented herein, these species actually result in greater oxidative stress than secondary PM. While some of these findings may seem counter-intuitive considering previous research, the use of a more precise sampling methodology, namely the direct aerosol-into-liquid collection system, has made it possible to capture PM samples more representative of the actual PM exposures that urban residents experience. The research findings presented in this dissertation are an integral component of the ongoing accumulation of knowledge and understanding of urban PM and its health effects. As more data from long-term epidemiological studies and other sources become available in the future, a more complete picture will undoubtedly continue to develop. This dynamic process of discovery and comprehension is vital for regulatory efforts to continue evolving, becoming ever more refined, efficient, and effective, allowing for cleaner air and the improved health of urban residents around the world.

ISBN: 9780438803664Subjects--Topical Terms:

517296
Molecular biology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Fine particulate matter

Toxicity of Urban Particulate Matter: Long-term Health Risks, Influences of Surrounding Geography, and Diurnal Variation in Chemical Composition and the Cellular Oxidative Stress Response.
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300 $a 130 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-07, Section: B.
500 $a Publisher info.: Dissertation/Thesis.
500 $a Advisor: Sioutas, Constantinos.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Southern California, 2018.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Particulate matter (PM) is perhaps the most ubiquitous form of air pollution affecting urban populations in the world today. With the adverse health outcomes and accompanying deaths due to PM exposures on the rise every year, the need to better understand PM, its toxicity, and possible mitigation strategies has never been more urgent, especially in large urban centers such as Los Angeles, California. Much of the research in this dissertation examines one common measure of PM toxicity, cellular oxidative stress, which has been linked to several health problems, ranging from cardiovascular disease and respiratory distress to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Various factors that may reduce or exacerbate this toxicity, including photochemical oxidation and regional geographic and meteorological influences are also examined. Additionally, the long-term health risks, such as cancer and non-cancerous organ and tissue damage, posed to Los Angeles commuters facing daily exposures to airborne particulate matter are calculated based on measurements of PM composition and concentration made along the most common commuter routes. The research findings presented in this dissertation provide further evidence that PM composition and its health effects mediated by oxidative stress are highly complex and susceptible to the influence of several factors, including geographical context, specific source domains, and time of day. While secondary PM that has undergone photochemical oxidation reactions generally has been found to induce a larger proinflammatory response than freshly emitted primary PM, this effect is highly dependent on the dominant species present in PM at any given time and location, and sometimes the reverse may be true. For example, primary motor vehicle emissions, which are dominant in the urban atmosphere near freeways, contain large amounts of redox-active transition metals such as copper and nickel, as well as water-insoluble organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Based on the research findings presented herein, these species actually result in greater oxidative stress than secondary PM. While some of these findings may seem counter-intuitive considering previous research, the use of a more precise sampling methodology, namely the direct aerosol-into-liquid collection system, has made it possible to capture PM samples more representative of the actual PM exposures that urban residents experience. The research findings presented in this dissertation are an integral component of the ongoing accumulation of knowledge and understanding of urban PM and its health effects. As more data from long-term epidemiological studies and other sources become available in the future, a more complete picture will undoubtedly continue to develop. This dynamic process of discovery and comprehension is vital for regulatory efforts to continue evolving, becoming ever more refined, efficient, and effective, allowing for cleaner air and the improved health of urban residents around the world.
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653 $a Los Angeles
653 $a Molecular neurobiology
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653 $a Photochemistry
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