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Transcranial Acoustic Imaging for Gu...

Jones, Ryan Matthew.

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Transcranial Acoustic Imaging for Guiding Cavitation-mediated Ultrasonic Brain Therapy.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Transcranial Acoustic Imaging for Guiding Cavitation-mediated Ultrasonic Brain Therapy./
Author:	Jones, Ryan Matthew.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
Description:	221 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-02, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International80-02B.
Subject:	Biomedical engineering. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10689602
ISBN:	9780438186798

Transcranial Acoustic Imaging for Guiding Cavitation-mediated Ultrasonic Brain Therapy.
Jones, Ryan Matthew.

Transcranial Acoustic Imaging for Guiding Cavitation-mediated Ultrasonic Brain Therapy. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 221 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-02, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Toronto (Canada), 2018.

This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.

The ability to treat brain cancers and other disorders of the central nervous system is inherently limited by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a specialized structure that regulates molecular passage from the circulatory system into the brain. Ultrasound in combination with circulating microbubbles has been shown capable of transiently increasing BBB permeability in a localized and noninvasive manner, providing a window for the targeted delivery of therapeutics into the brain. Focused ultrasound (FUS)-induced BBB opening is an increasingly researched field, and the approach recently entered into clinical testing. However, sources of variability exist in the current procedures that motivate the need for real-time monitoring and control techniques to improve treatment safety and efficacy. In this thesis, hemispherical passive acoustic sensor arrays and established beamforming algorithms are employed to generate three-dimensional maps of microbubble activity within the brain during FUS-induced BBB opening; methods for mitigating trans-skull image distortion are explored and the use of imaging-based feedback to guide the procedures is investigated. An initial simulation study was carried out to establish the feasibility of transcranial passive acoustic imaging with sparse hemispherical receiver arrays. The effects of various parameters on the image quality obtained from conventional beamforming approaches, modified to incorporate patient-specific aberration corrections based on computed tomography (CT) skull morphology, were assessed in silico. Based on this study, a sparse receiver array was designed and integrated within an existing prototype hemispherical therapy array. The dual-mode system was characterized acoustically via in-vitro and in-vivo experiments with ex-vivo human skull specimens. The use of CT-based aberration corrections for trans-skull acoustic imaging was validated through comparisons with a gold standard, invasive source-based technique. Analytical and numerical models for simulating the receiver element corrections based on CT scans of the head were contrasted. Finally, the utility of passive microbubble imaging in calibrating exposure levels for FUS-induced BBB opening was evaluated using a next-generation clinical prototype system. Results of these studies are presented and their implications are discussed. The acoustic imaging-based guidance strategies developed over the course of this thesis are expected to play a major role in future cavitation-mediated ultrasonic brain treatments.

ISBN: 9780438186798Subjects--Topical Terms:

535387
Biomedical engineering.

Transcranial Acoustic Imaging for Guiding Cavitation-mediated Ultrasonic Brain Therapy.
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520 $a The ability to treat brain cancers and other disorders of the central nervous system is inherently limited by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a specialized structure that regulates molecular passage from the circulatory system into the brain. Ultrasound in combination with circulating microbubbles has been shown capable of transiently increasing BBB permeability in a localized and noninvasive manner, providing a window for the targeted delivery of therapeutics into the brain. Focused ultrasound (FUS)-induced BBB opening is an increasingly researched field, and the approach recently entered into clinical testing. However, sources of variability exist in the current procedures that motivate the need for real-time monitoring and control techniques to improve treatment safety and efficacy. In this thesis, hemispherical passive acoustic sensor arrays and established beamforming algorithms are employed to generate three-dimensional maps of microbubble activity within the brain during FUS-induced BBB opening; methods for mitigating trans-skull image distortion are explored and the use of imaging-based feedback to guide the procedures is investigated. An initial simulation study was carried out to establish the feasibility of transcranial passive acoustic imaging with sparse hemispherical receiver arrays. The effects of various parameters on the image quality obtained from conventional beamforming approaches, modified to incorporate patient-specific aberration corrections based on computed tomography (CT) skull morphology, were assessed in silico. Based on this study, a sparse receiver array was designed and integrated within an existing prototype hemispherical therapy array. The dual-mode system was characterized acoustically via in-vitro and in-vivo experiments with ex-vivo human skull specimens. The use of CT-based aberration corrections for trans-skull acoustic imaging was validated through comparisons with a gold standard, invasive source-based technique. Analytical and numerical models for simulating the receiver element corrections based on CT scans of the head were contrasted. Finally, the utility of passive microbubble imaging in calibrating exposure levels for FUS-induced BBB opening was evaluated using a next-generation clinical prototype system. Results of these studies are presented and their implications are discussed. The acoustic imaging-based guidance strategies developed over the course of this thesis are expected to play a major role in future cavitation-mediated ultrasonic brain treatments.
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