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Isolation and separation of the acti...

Meddah, Imane.

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Isolation and separation of the active portion in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) injury-released alarm cue and comparison of its anti-predator behavioural activity with chondroitin sulfate.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Isolation and separation of the active portion in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) injury-released alarm cue and comparison of its anti-predator behavioural activity with chondroitin sulfate./
Author:	Meddah, Imane.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2016,
Description:	84 p.
Notes:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 55-03.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International55-03(E).
Subject:	Ecology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10017015
ISBN:	9781339499581

Isolation and separation of the active portion in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) injury-released alarm cue and comparison of its anti-predator behavioural activity with chondroitin sulfate.
Meddah, Imane.

Isolation and separation of the active portion in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) injury-released alarm cue and comparison of its anti-predator behavioural activity with chondroitin sulfate. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2016 - 84 p.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 55-03.

Thesis (M.Env.St.)--Nipissing University (Canada), 2016.

Ostariophysan fishes, which make up approximately 28% of fish species and 72% of all freshwater, rely on their ability to sense chemical alarm cues in order to assess predation risk. Alarm cues are released when fish epidermis sustains mechanical damage that occurs during a predation event, and enhance prey's ability to detect and respond appropriately with an antipredator response. The objectives of this research are: 1) develop an effective and reproducible chromatographic method to separate and fractionate the injury released alarm cues in fathead minnows, 2) use of behavioural assays to compare the anti-predator behaviour induced by collected fractions, active portion of fathead minnow skin extract and chondroitin sulfate, 3) perform a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) quantitation using Alcian Blue in order to determine the concentration of GAGs in the different fractions collected through column chromatography, and 4) use of thin layer chromatography to determine the purity of the collected fractions through size exclusion chromatography. In this context, two chromatographic separations were realized, the first one using a reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), which was used to collect the active fraction from the fathead minnow skin extract, and the second one was a size exclusion chromatography (SEC), where the active fraction was further fractionated into three sub-fractions. Furthermore, behavioural assays were used to screen the activity of the collected fractions and compare the behavioural responses induced by chondroitin sulfate, a novel odorant believed to be the active component in injury-released alarm cues. I found that chondroitin sulfate induced an antipredator response similar to that induced from the minnow skin extract or the active fraction. Fractions from SEC were also delivered to fathead minnows and it was determined that only two out of the three fractions elicited a significant anti-predator behaviour compared to that of swordtail extract. However, the SEC fractions induced an anti-predator response which was &sim;50% that of the active fraction or whole skin extract. Interestingly, the Alcian Blue assay shows that GAGs are substantially present within all the fractions collected from chromatographic separation even those discarded after not triggering any anti-predator behaviour. The identification of the components of Ostariophysan alarm cue is highly complex and further work is needed to identify the alarm chemicals.

ISBN: 9781339499581Subjects--Topical Terms:

516476
Ecology.

Isolation and separation of the active portion in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) injury-released alarm cue and comparison of its anti-predator behavioural activity with chondroitin sulfate.
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500 $a Adviser: Reehan Mirza.
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520 $a Ostariophysan fishes, which make up approximately 28% of fish species and 72% of all freshwater, rely on their ability to sense chemical alarm cues in order to assess predation risk. Alarm cues are released when fish epidermis sustains mechanical damage that occurs during a predation event, and enhance prey's ability to detect and respond appropriately with an antipredator response. The objectives of this research are: 1) develop an effective and reproducible chromatographic method to separate and fractionate the injury released alarm cues in fathead minnows, 2) use of behavioural assays to compare the anti-predator behaviour induced by collected fractions, active portion of fathead minnow skin extract and chondroitin sulfate, 3) perform a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) quantitation using Alcian Blue in order to determine the concentration of GAGs in the different fractions collected through column chromatography, and 4) use of thin layer chromatography to determine the purity of the collected fractions through size exclusion chromatography. In this context, two chromatographic separations were realized, the first one using a reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), which was used to collect the active fraction from the fathead minnow skin extract, and the second one was a size exclusion chromatography (SEC), where the active fraction was further fractionated into three sub-fractions. Furthermore, behavioural assays were used to screen the activity of the collected fractions and compare the behavioural responses induced by chondroitin sulfate, a novel odorant believed to be the active component in injury-released alarm cues. I found that chondroitin sulfate induced an antipredator response similar to that induced from the minnow skin extract or the active fraction. Fractions from SEC were also delivered to fathead minnows and it was determined that only two out of the three fractions elicited a significant anti-predator behaviour compared to that of swordtail extract. However, the SEC fractions induced an anti-predator response which was &sim;50% that of the active fraction or whole skin extract. Interestingly, the Alcian Blue assay shows that GAGs are substantially present within all the fractions collected from chromatographic separation even those discarded after not triggering any anti-predator behaviour. The identification of the components of Ostariophysan alarm cue is highly complex and further work is needed to identify the alarm chemicals.
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