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Mechanisms of neuromotor control in ...

Max, Ludo.

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Mechanisms of neuromotor control in stuttering and nonstuttering adults: Kinematic analyses of speech, orofacial nonspeech, and finger movements.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Mechanisms of neuromotor control in stuttering and nonstuttering adults: Kinematic analyses of speech, orofacial nonspeech, and finger movements./
Author:	Max, Ludo.
Description:	216 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 61-07, Section: B, page: 3554.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International61-07B.
Subject:	Language, Linguistics. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9981231
ISBN:	9780599875036

Mechanisms of neuromotor control in stuttering and nonstuttering adults: Kinematic analyses of speech, orofacial nonspeech, and finger movements.
Max, Ludo.

Mechanisms of neuromotor control in stuttering and nonstuttering adults: Kinematic analyses of speech, orofacial nonspeech, and finger movements. - 216 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 61-07, Section: B, page: 3554.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2000.

Three related studies were conducted to investigate the hypothesis that neuromotor differences between individuals who stutter and individuals who do not stutter are not limited to movements involved in speech production, but, rather, that there are generalized neuromotor differences between these two groups of individuals in the organization of movements across various motor systems. Specifically, kinematic data were obtained from 10 adults who stutter and 10 adults who do not stutter during speech movements (upper lip, lower lip, jaw), orofacial nonspeech movements (upper lip, lower lip, jaw), and finger movements (metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the index finger, interphalangeal joint of the thumb) performed in four conditions differing in sequence length and location of the target movement within the sequence. Well-established indices of movement organization were used to analyze comparable single movement characteristics, combined movement characteristics, and multiple action sequencing patterns across the three motor systems. The results revealed differences between the stuttering and nonstuttering individuals in kinematic parameters of lip and jaw closing movements during perceptually fluent speech. The magnitude of these between-group differences varied across different levels of utterance length and across different locations of the target movement within an utterance. The results further revealed consistent trends, in both group data and individual participant data, toward differences between stuttering and nonstuttering individuals in kinematic parameters of lip and jaw nonspeech movements. Moreover, both group data and individual participant data also showed consistent trends toward differences between stuttering and nonstuttering individuals in kinematic parameters of finger flexion movements. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that differences between individuals who stutter and individuals who do not stutter are not confined to the sensorimotor processes underlying speech production or even movements of the orofacial system in general. Rather, it appears that individuals who stutter differ from individuals who do not stutter in the organization of a wide variety of goal-directed movements, regardless of the involved effector system. Combining the present findings with those from previous work by others, it is hypothesized that individuals who stutter show generalized difficulties with the central generation of the neural drive for fast muscle contractions.

ISBN: 9780599875036Subjects--Topical Terms:

1018079
Language, Linguistics.

Mechanisms of neuromotor control in stuttering and nonstuttering adults: Kinematic analyses of speech, orofacial nonspeech, and finger movements.
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245 1 0 $a Mechanisms of neuromotor control in stuttering and nonstuttering adults: Kinematic analyses of speech, orofacial nonspeech, and finger movements.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 61-07, Section: B, page: 3554.
500 $a Director: Anthony J. Caruso.
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520 $a Three related studies were conducted to investigate the hypothesis that neuromotor differences between individuals who stutter and individuals who do not stutter are not limited to movements involved in speech production, but, rather, that there are generalized neuromotor differences between these two groups of individuals in the organization of movements across various motor systems. Specifically, kinematic data were obtained from 10 adults who stutter and 10 adults who do not stutter during speech movements (upper lip, lower lip, jaw), orofacial nonspeech movements (upper lip, lower lip, jaw), and finger movements (metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the index finger, interphalangeal joint of the thumb) performed in four conditions differing in sequence length and location of the target movement within the sequence. Well-established indices of movement organization were used to analyze comparable single movement characteristics, combined movement characteristics, and multiple action sequencing patterns across the three motor systems. The results revealed differences between the stuttering and nonstuttering individuals in kinematic parameters of lip and jaw closing movements during perceptually fluent speech. The magnitude of these between-group differences varied across different levels of utterance length and across different locations of the target movement within an utterance. The results further revealed consistent trends, in both group data and individual participant data, toward differences between stuttering and nonstuttering individuals in kinematic parameters of lip and jaw nonspeech movements. Moreover, both group data and individual participant data also showed consistent trends toward differences between stuttering and nonstuttering individuals in kinematic parameters of finger flexion movements. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that differences between individuals who stutter and individuals who do not stutter are not confined to the sensorimotor processes underlying speech production or even movements of the orofacial system in general. Rather, it appears that individuals who stutter differ from individuals who do not stutter in the organization of a wide variety of goal-directed movements, regardless of the involved effector system. Combining the present findings with those from previous work by others, it is hypothesized that individuals who stutter show generalized difficulties with the central generation of the neural drive for fast muscle contractions.
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