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Biogeochemistry of hydrogen and meth...

Valentine, David Layton.

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Biogeochemistry of hydrogen and methane in anoxic environments: Thermodynamic and isotopic studies.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Biogeochemistry of hydrogen and methane in anoxic environments: Thermodynamic and isotopic studies./
Author:	Valentine, David Layton.
Description:	173 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 61-01, Section: B, page: 0153.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International61-01B.
Subject:	Biogeochemistry. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9959031
ISBN:	0599624035

Biogeochemistry of hydrogen and methane in anoxic environments: Thermodynamic and isotopic studies.
Valentine, David Layton.

Biogeochemistry of hydrogen and methane in anoxic environments: Thermodynamic and isotopic studies. - 173 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 61-01, Section: B, page: 0153.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Irvine, 2000.

Hydrogen (H2) is a competitive substrate for several groups of bacteria, and is central to anaerobic metabolism. Hydrogen is maintained at low levels by competition between terminal electron accepting processes, which creates an extreme thermodynamic condition where the bacterially-mediated oxidation of many organic compounds is thermodynamically driven by H 2 production. This process is referred to as interspecies H2 transfer (IHT) and is generally studied by use of cocultures, consisting of H2 producers and consumers.

ISBN: 0599624035Subjects--Topical Terms:

545717
Biogeochemistry.

Biogeochemistry of hydrogen and methane in anoxic environments: Thermodynamic and isotopic studies.
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100 1 $a Valentine, David Layton. $3 1904655
245 1 0 $a Biogeochemistry of hydrogen and methane in anoxic environments: Thermodynamic and isotopic studies.
300 $a 173 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 61-01, Section: B, page: 0153.
500 $a Chair: William S. Reeburgh.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Irvine, 2000.
520 $a Hydrogen (H2) is a competitive substrate for several groups of bacteria, and is central to anaerobic metabolism. Hydrogen is maintained at low levels by competition between terminal electron accepting processes, which creates an extreme thermodynamic condition where the bacterially-mediated oxidation of many organic compounds is thermodynamically driven by H 2 production. This process is referred to as interspecies H2 transfer (IHT) and is generally studied by use of cocultures, consisting of H2 producers and consumers.
520 $a In order to study H2-producing organisms involved in IHT, a culture system was developed to externally control H2 concentration. The vessel was used to: (i) decouple a syntrophic association in an ethanol consuming, methanogenic enrichment culture, (ii) grow pure cultures and study the bioenergetics of the ethanol-oxidizing, proton-reducing, Pelobacter acetylenicus, (iii) test the hypothesis that anaerobic methane oxidation results from a simple reversal of H 2/CO2 methanogenesis, and (iv) study the influence of H2 concentration on carbon isotope fractionation during H2/CO2 methanogenesis by Methanobacterium strain Marburg,
520 $a Studies of ethanol oxidation show that syntrophic: associations can be decoupled using this method (i), and that pure cultures can be grown (ii). Results also show that P. acetylenicus (WoAcy1) grows with a thermodynamic yield near -25 kJ/mol, and confirms that this organism only conserves &sim;1/3 of a mole of ATP per mole of ethanol oxidized.
520 $a Studies of anaerobic methane oxidation (iii) demonstrate that neither Methanobacterium strain Marburg, nor Methanosaeta thermophila (CALS-1) are capable of oxidizing methane by simply lowering the partial pressure of H2. An alternative hypothesis based on thermodynamic calculations is presented which posits that both acetate and H2 are intermediates in anaerobic methane oxidation.
520 $a Stable carbon isotope studies (iv) with Methanobacterium strain Marburg show that the carbon isotope fractionation factor (alpha-factor) varies from 1.023 with unlimited H2, to 1.065 when H2 is limiting. Additional studies with the aceticlastic M. thermophila demonstrate an alpha-factor of only 1.007 from the methyl position of acetate to methane.
590 $a School code: 0030.
650 4 $a Biogeochemistry. $3 545717
650 4 $a Biology, Microbiology. $3 1017734
650 4 $a Environmental Sciences. $3 676987
690 $a 0425
690 $a 0410
690 $a 0768
710 2 0 $a University of California, Irvine. $3 705821
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 61-01B.
790 1 0 $a Reeburgh, William S., $e advisor
790 $a 0030
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2000
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9959031