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Homegrown eugenics: Socioeconomic di...

Daubach, Penelope P.

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Homegrown eugenics: Socioeconomic differentials in utilization of prenatal testing.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Homegrown eugenics: Socioeconomic differentials in utilization of prenatal testing./
Author:	Daubach, Penelope P.
Description:	299 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 58-10, Section: A, page: 3974.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International58-10A.
Subject:	Anthropology, Cultural. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9811292
ISBN:	9780591619911

Homegrown eugenics: Socioeconomic differentials in utilization of prenatal testing.
Daubach, Penelope P.

Homegrown eugenics: Socioeconomic differentials in utilization of prenatal testing. - 299 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 58-10, Section: A, page: 3974.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Kansas, 1997.

Genetic science directly touches us most often now through its clinical applications, currently most well-developed in the medical field of human reproduction, specifically prenatal screening and diagnostic technologies. These tests allow prospective parents a preview of their fetuses' health status, and, should anomalies be found, enables them to decide whether they wish to continue or terminate a pregnancy. From the earliest introduction of these technologies a pattern of greater utilization by more affluent and educated women was noted. I review available data sets (national, local, and from my two research locations) and find differences in utilization are related to socioeconomic factors. While prior research noted the existence of differential use, only modest investigations of underlying causes have appeared and have focused on barriers to prenatal care and prenatal testing experienced by poor women to provide hints as to why these women have low utilization rates. To date, attempts to explain the greater interest in and use of prenatal testing technologies by more socioeconomically advantaged women have not appeared. I propose that more affluent and more educated women have a greater interest in learning the health status of their fetuses not because they seek a "perfect" child but because they are averse to bearing a "imperfect" child. They consider the "future usefulness"--the role within family and, eventually, society--the child will take. This consideration of future usefulness is not a product of the development of testing technologies but is a corollary of the reproduction of class status. I criticize the current medical model of decision making about testing for its exclusion of cultural factors. The model, known as "autonomous decision making," is a medicalized appendage to our ideology of individualism and proposes that prospective parents make decisions in a manner isolated from all cultural influences. My criticisms of the model are two fold. Decisions are not composed of rarified elements separated from cultural influences but are part and parcel of people's life situations: the insistence by more affluent and educated women that they must know the health status of their fetus is a product of their social status. I also fault the model for obfuscating the form of new eugenics made possible by prenatal testing, a modern form of "negative eugenics." Modern literature on prenatal testing is insistent that the disappearance of public emphasis on eugenics has eliminated the practice of eugenics. The model of "autonomous decision making" contends that the privatization of decisions about prenatal testing has eliminated the practice of eugenics. I propose that eugenics has not disappeared but is transformed into "homegrown eugenics." The differential use rates of prenatal testing reflect the different meanings reproduction holds within our stratified socioeconomic system. Homegrown eugenics is a product of the reproduction of class status, and the differentials in usage of prenatal testing along socioeconomic lines result from that process.

ISBN: 9780591619911Subjects--Topical Terms:

735016
Anthropology, Cultural.

Homegrown eugenics: Socioeconomic differentials in utilization of prenatal testing.
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100 1 $a Daubach, Penelope P. $3 1670515
245 1 0 $a Homegrown eugenics: Socioeconomic differentials in utilization of prenatal testing.
300 $a 299 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 58-10, Section: A, page: 3974.
500 $a Chair: F. Allan Hanson.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Kansas, 1997.
520 $a Genetic science directly touches us most often now through its clinical applications, currently most well-developed in the medical field of human reproduction, specifically prenatal screening and diagnostic technologies. These tests allow prospective parents a preview of their fetuses' health status, and, should anomalies be found, enables them to decide whether they wish to continue or terminate a pregnancy. From the earliest introduction of these technologies a pattern of greater utilization by more affluent and educated women was noted. I review available data sets (national, local, and from my two research locations) and find differences in utilization are related to socioeconomic factors. While prior research noted the existence of differential use, only modest investigations of underlying causes have appeared and have focused on barriers to prenatal care and prenatal testing experienced by poor women to provide hints as to why these women have low utilization rates. To date, attempts to explain the greater interest in and use of prenatal testing technologies by more socioeconomically advantaged women have not appeared. I propose that more affluent and more educated women have a greater interest in learning the health status of their fetuses not because they seek a "perfect" child but because they are averse to bearing a "imperfect" child. They consider the "future usefulness"--the role within family and, eventually, society--the child will take. This consideration of future usefulness is not a product of the development of testing technologies but is a corollary of the reproduction of class status. I criticize the current medical model of decision making about testing for its exclusion of cultural factors. The model, known as "autonomous decision making," is a medicalized appendage to our ideology of individualism and proposes that prospective parents make decisions in a manner isolated from all cultural influences. My criticisms of the model are two fold. Decisions are not composed of rarified elements separated from cultural influences but are part and parcel of people's life situations: the insistence by more affluent and educated women that they must know the health status of their fetus is a product of their social status. I also fault the model for obfuscating the form of new eugenics made possible by prenatal testing, a modern form of "negative eugenics." Modern literature on prenatal testing is insistent that the disappearance of public emphasis on eugenics has eliminated the practice of eugenics. The model of "autonomous decision making" contends that the privatization of decisions about prenatal testing has eliminated the practice of eugenics. I propose that eugenics has not disappeared but is transformed into "homegrown eugenics." The differential use rates of prenatal testing reflect the different meanings reproduction holds within our stratified socioeconomic system. Homegrown eugenics is a product of the reproduction of class status, and the differentials in usage of prenatal testing along socioeconomic lines result from that process.
590 $a School code: 0099.
650 4 $a Anthropology, Cultural. $3 735016
650 4 $a Health Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology. $3 1020690
690 $a 0326
690 $a 0380
710 2 $a University of Kansas. $3 626626
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 58-10A.
790 1 0 $a Hanson, F. Allan, $e advisor
790 $a 0099
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 1997
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9811292